lnmp yum安装mysql_阿里云服务器上使用yum安装mysql
1 常规错误的yum安装方法：
在前文中记述了CentOS 6.5系统中通过yum方式快速地搭建了LNMP环境，那么是否也能在CentOS 7或CentOS 7.1系统中依葫芦画瓢安装MySql5.6.24呢？答案是否定的。
[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel
.....................。
....省略部分安装过程....
.....................。
Installed:
mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0
Dependency Installed:
keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.12.2-14.el7 libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-7.el7 libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.2-6.el7
libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.9-3.el7 libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.4 pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-14.el7
zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-13.el7
Complete!
从上面的安装结果可以看出，没有安装MySQL数据库，而是安装了mariadb数据！因为在CentOS 7和CentOS 7.1系统中，默认安装的mysql是它的分支mariadb。这里引用下百度百科关于mariadb的描述：
MariaDB数据库管理系统是MySQL的一个分支，主要由开源社区在维护，采用GPL授权许可 MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL，包括API和命令行，使之能轻松成为MySQL的代替品。
因此，下面这些正常的MySQL操作都是无效的：
#######无法把mysql服务加入系统启动
[root@typecodes ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
error reading information on service mysqld: No such file or directory
#######启动不了mysql
[root@typecodes ~]# service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
Failed to issue method call: Unit mysqld.service failed to load: No such file or directory.
#######没有安装mysql相关包
[root@typecodes ~]# rpm -qa |grep mysql
php-mysql-5.4.16-23.el7_0.3.x86_64
[root@typecodes ~]#
2 正确的安装方法：
众所周知，Linux系统自带的repo是不会自动更新每个软件的最新版本(基本都是比较靠后的稳定版)，所以无法通过yum方式安装MySQL的高级版本。所以我们需要先安装带有当前可用的mysql5系列社区版资源的rpm包。
#######安装rpm包
[root@typecodes ~]# rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-release-el7-5 ################################# [100%]
这时查看当前可用的mysql安装资源：
[root@typecodes ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 14mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 17mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 139
从上面的列表可以看出， mysql56-community/x86_64 和 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 可以使用。
因此，我们就可以直接用yum方式安装了MySQL5.6版本了。
[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: axelget, langpacks
No metadata availablefor baseNo metadata availableforepel
No metadata availableforextras
(Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror)
repomd.xml| 2.5 kB 00:00:00update mysql-connectors-community metadata successfully
(Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror)
repomd.xml| 2.5 kB 00:00:00update mysql-tools-community metadata successfully
(Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror)
repomd.xml| 2.5 kB 00:00:00update mysql56-community metadata successfully
No metadata availableforupdates
mysql-connectors-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00mysql-tools-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00mysql56-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00(1/3): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db | 7.3 kB 00:00:00(2/3): mysql56-community/x86_64/primary_db | 83 kB 00:00:01mysql-tools-community/x86_64/p FAILED ============================================== ] 19 kB/s | 92 kB 00:00:00ETA
http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/x86_64/repodata/3301d2eb425f300dec5a46c4201d08f2cf9232a6-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout onhttp://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/x86_64/repodata/3301d2eb425f300dec5a46c4201d08f2cf9232a6-primary.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 3 seconds')
Trying other mirror.
(3/3): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db | 15 kB 00:00:00Resolving Dependencies-->Running transaction check---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64-->Running transaction check---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64-->Running transaction check---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted--> Processing Dependency: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 for package: 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting---> Package perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13 for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Test) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Log) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Zlib) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch-->Running transaction check---> Package mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted---> Package mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting---> Package perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch---> Package perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 will be installed-->Running transaction check---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 will be installed-->Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved=======================================================================================================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size=======================================================================================================================================================================Installing:
mysql-community-client x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 19M
replacing mariadb.x86_641:5.5.41-2.el7_0
mysql-community-devel x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 3.4M
replacing mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0
mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 2.0M
replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0
mysql-community-server x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 58M
Installingfordependencies:
mysql-community-common x86_64 5.6.24-3.el7 mysql56-community 256k
perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2 x86_64 2.061-3.el7 base 32k
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 base 57k
perl-DBI x86_64 1.627-4.el7 base 802k
perl-IO-Compress noarch 2.061-2.el7 base 260k
perl-Net-Daemon noarch 0.48-5.el7 base 51k
perl-PlRPC noarch 0.2020-14.el7 base 36k
Transaction Summary=======================================================================================================================================================================Install4 Packages (+7Dependent packages)
Total download size:83M
Downloading packages:
mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 3.4 MB 00:00:03mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 19 MB 00:00:05mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 58 MB 00:00:11mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.0 MB 00:00:02perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 0 B 00:00:01...
perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 802 kB 00:00:00(1/6): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 57 kB 00:00:00(2/6): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm | 51 kB 00:00:00(3/6): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm | 36 kB 00:00:00(4/6): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 32 kB 00:00:00(5/6): perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 260 kB 00:00:00warning:/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql56-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY 00:00:01ETA
Public keyfor mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm isnot installed
(6/6): mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 256 kB 00:00:01
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total388 kB/s | 692 kB 00:00:01Retrieving keyfrom file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Importing GPG key0x5072E1F5:
Userid :"MySQL Release Engineering "Fingerprint: a4a94068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072e1f5
Package : mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch (installed)
From : file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
Installing : mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 1/14Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 2/14Installing : mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 3/14Installing : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 4/14Installing :1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 5/14Installing : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 6/14Installing : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 7/14Installing : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 8/14Installing : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 9/14Installing : mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 10/14Installing : mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 11/14Erasing :1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 12/14Erasing :1:mariadb-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 13/14Erasing :1:mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 14/14Verifying : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 1/14Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 2/14Verifying : mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 3/14Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 4/14Verifying : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 5/14Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 6/14Verifying :1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 7/14Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64 8/14Verifying : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 9/14Verifying : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 10/14Verifying : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 11/14Verifying :1:mariadb-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 12/14Verifying :1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 13/14Verifying :1:mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64 14/14Installed:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7
mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7
Dependency Installed:
mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7
perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7
Replaced:
mariadb.x86_641:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0
Complete!
3 MySQL安装完成后，进行相关配置
安装完MySQL后，需要进行一些基础配置工作：
#######安装成功后，将其加入开机启动
[root@typecodes~]# systemctl enable mysqld
#######启动mysql服务进程
[root@typecodes~]# systemctl start mysqld
#######配置mysql(设置密码等)
[root@typecodes~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current passwordfor root (enter fornone):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y [设置root用户密码]
New password:
Re-enter newpassword:
Password updated successfully!Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!Bydefault, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account createdforthem. Thisis intended only fortesting, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y [删除匿名用户]
... Success!Normally, root should only be allowed to connectfrom 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root passwordfromthe network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y [禁止root远程登录]
... Success!Bydefault, MySQL comes with a database named 'test'that anyone can
access. Thisis also intended only fortesting, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y [删除test数据库]-Dropping test database...
ERROR1008 (HY000) at line 1: Can't drop database'test'; database doesn't exist
... Failed!Not critical, keep moving...-Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y [刷新权限]
... Success!All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.
Thanksfor using MySQL!Cleaning up...
注：此篇文章为转载而来。