【第2章】SpringBoot实战篇之接口参数校验和全局异常处理

前言

对接口请求参数校验是每一个开发人员都必须熟知且善用的功能，是保证程序健壮性的基石。

除引入方式不同，使用方式和SpringMvc基本一致。

一、参数校验

1. 引入库

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
</dependency>

2. 全局异常处理

package org.example.springboot3.config;import jakarta.validation.ConstraintViolationException;
import org.example.springboot3.bigevent.entity.Result;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;/*** Create by zjg on 2024/5/23*/
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {@ExceptionHandler(ConstraintViolationException.class)public Result exceptionHadler(ConstraintViolationException ex){return error(ex);}@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)public Result exceptionHadler(Exception ex){return error(ex);}private Result error(Exception ex){return Result.error(StringUtils.hasLength(ex.getMessage())?ex.getMessage():"操作失败");}
}

3. 控制器类

package org.example.springboot3.bigevent.controller;import jakarta.validation.constraints.Pattern;
import org.example.springboot3.bigevent.entity.Result;
import org.example.springboot3.bigevent.entity.User;
import org.example.springboot3.bigevent.service.UserSerivce;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/*** Create by zjg on 2024/5/22*/
@RequestMapping("/user/")
@RestController
@Validated
public class UserController1 {@AutowiredUserSerivce userSerivce;@RequestMapping("register")public Result register(@Pattern(regexp = "^\\S{6,20}$",message = "用户名长度为6-20位") String username,@Pattern(regexp = "^\\S{8,20}$",message = "密码为8-20位") String password){User user=userSerivce.findUserByName(username);if(user==null){//用户不存在,可以注册int i=userSerivce.addUser(username,password);if(i!=1){return Result.error("失败注册,请稍后重新注册!");}}else{return Result.error("该用户已存在,请重新注册!");}return Result.success();}
}

4. 响应

{"code":1,"message":"register.username: 用户名长度为6-20位, register.password: 密码为8-20位","data":null}

二、对象校验

上面只有两个参数，我们可以直接校验，但是参数过多的时候我们都会直接使用对象校验。

1.实体类

校验写在实体类对象对应属性上

package org.example.springboot3.bigevent.entity;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.Pattern;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.ToString;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
public class User {@TableId(type=IdType.AUTO)private Integer id;//主键ID@Pattern(regexp = "^\\S{6,20}$",message = "用户名长度为6-20位")private String username;//用户名@Pattern(regexp = "^\\S{8,20}$",message = "密码为8-20位")private String password;//密码private String nickname;//昵称private String email;//邮箱private String userPic;//用户头像地址private LocalDateTime createTime;//创建时间private LocalDateTime updateTime;//更新时间
}

2.控制器类

package org.example.springboot3.bigevent.controller;import jakarta.validation.Valid;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.Pattern;
import org.example.springboot3.bigevent.entity.Result;
import org.example.springboot3.bigevent.entity.User;
import org.example.springboot3.bigevent.service.UserSerivce;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/*** Create by zjg on 2024/5/22*/
@RequestMapping("/user/")
@RestController
@Validated
public class UserController1 {@AutowiredUserSerivce userSerivce;@RequestMapping("register1")public Result register1(@Valid User user){if(userSerivce.findUserByName(user.getUsername())==null){//用户不存在,可以注册int i=userSerivce.addUser(user.getUsername(),user.getPassword());if(i!=1){return Result.error("失败注册,请稍后重新注册!");}}else{return Result.error("该用户已存在,请重新注册!");}return Result.success();}
}

3. 全局异常处理

对象数据校验信息太繁琐,我们简化到关键信息

package org.example.springboot3.config;import jakarta.validation.ConstraintViolationException;
import org.example.springboot3.bigevent.entity.Result;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;/*** Create by zjg on 2024/5/23*/
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {@ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)public Result exceptionHadler(MethodArgumentNotValidException ex){//对象数据校验信息太繁琐,我们简化到关键信息BindingResult bindingResult = ex.getBindingResult();if(bindingResult.hasFieldErrors()){String message = bindingResult.getFieldErrors().stream().map(FieldError::getDefaultMessage).collect(Collectors.joining(";"));return error(message);}return error(ex);}@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)public Result exceptionHadler(Exception ex){return error(ex);}private Result error(String message){return Result.error(message);}private Result error(Exception ex){return Result.error(StringUtils.hasLength(ex.getMessage())?ex.getMessage():"操作失败");}
}

4. 响应

{"code":1,"message":"用户名长度为6-20位;密码为8-20位","data":null}

总结

回到顶部