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requests库的常用方法

news 来源：原创 2024/9/20 16:32:41

之前都是用jmeter进行接口测试然后进行持续性集成，之前也写过用jmeter来请求各种类型的接口，今天来学习下如何使用python+requests对各种接口发起请求并断言。

1.接口类型

测试项目的ip和端口如下：

host = "ip"
port = "8080"

1.1.get类型接口请求

    def test_get_params(self):"""请求方式为get"""url = "http://" + self.host + ":" + self.port + "/pinter/com/getSku"# 请求参数params = {"id": 1}#发起请求res = requests.get(url=url, params=params)print(res.text)assert res.status_code == 200

1.2.post类型接口请求，参数为params

    def test_post_params(self):"""请求方式为post，请求参数为params"""url = "http://" + self.host + ":" + self.port + "/pinter/com/login"# 请求参数params = {"userName": "admin", "password": "1234"}res = requests.post(url=url, params=params)print(res.text)assert res.status_code == 200

1.3.post类型接口请求，参数为json

    def test_post_json(self):"""请求方式为post，请求参数为json:return:"""url = "http://" + self.host + ":" + self.port + "/pinter/com/register"json = {"userName": "test", "password": "1234", "gender": 1, "phoneNum": "110", "email": "beihe@163.com","address": "Beijing"}res = requests.post(url=url, json=json)print(res.text)assert res.status_code == 200

1.4.post类型接口请求，参数为k=json

    def test_post_params_json(self):"""请求方式为post，请求参数为k=json:return:"""url = "http://" + self.host + ":" + self.port + "/pinter/com/buy"params = {"param": '{"skuId":123,"num":10}'}res = requests.post(url=url, params=params)print(res.text)assert res.status_code == 200

2.上传

    def test_upload(self):url = "http://" + self.host + ":" + self.port + "/pinter/file/api/upload"files={'file':open(file=r'C:\Users\29442\Desktop\user.txt',mode='rb')}#发起接口调佣res=requests.post(url=url,files=files)print(res.text)

3.获取token

部分接口依赖登录接口中的token，可以将登录接口中的token提取出来，用global定义为全局变量，然后在其它接口的header中进行调用，如下图所示。

    def test_login_token(self):"""测试登录，带token"""url = "http://" + self.host + ":" + self.port + "/pinter/bank/api/login2"params = {"userName":"admin","password":"1234"}res = requests.post(url=url, params=params)text=json.loads(res.text)print(text)global tokentoken=text.get("data")assert res.status_code == 200def test_token(self):"""查询余额，带token"""headers={"testfan-token":token}url = "http://" + self.host + ":" + self.port + "/pinter/bank/api/query2"params = {"userName":"admin"}res = requests.get(url=url, params=params,headers=headers)print(res.text)assert res.status_code == 200

4.自动获取cookie

部分接口依赖登录接口的cookie，在代码中如果我们使用固定的cookie，cookie失效之后又需要人为手动填充很不方便，requests给我们提供了一种方法可以自动获取cookie，可以用session获取到cookie之后再用session调用方法发起请求，如下图所示。

    #通过session自动获取cookiesession = requests.session()def test_login_cookie(self):"""测试登录，带Cookie"""url = "http://" + self.host + ":" + self.port + "/pinter/bank/api/login"params = {"userName":"admin","password":"1234"}res = self.session.post(url=url, params=params)print(res.text)assert res.status_code == 200def test_cookie(self):"""查询余额，带Cookie"""url = "http://" + self.host + ":" + self.port + "/pinter/bank/api/query"params = {"userName":"admin"}res = self.session.get(url=url, params=params)print(res.text)assert res.status_code == 200