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第一百一十六节 Java 面向对象设计 - Java 终止块

news 来源：原创 2024/9/29 23:33:11

Java 面向对象设计 - Java 终止块

try 块也可以有零个或一个 finally 块。 finally 块总是与 try 块一起使用。

语法

使用 finally 块的语法是

finally  {// Code for finally block 
}

finally 块以关键字 finally 开始，后面紧跟一对大括号。

finally 块的代码放在大括号内。

try，catch 和 finally 块有两种可能的组合: try - catch - finally 或 try - finally 。

try 块可以后跟零个或多个 catch 块。

try 块最多可以有一个 finally 块。

try 块必须有一个 catch 块，一个 finally 块，或者两者兼而有之。

try-catch-finally 块的语法是：

try  {// Code for try block
}
catch(Exception1 e1)  {// Code for catch block
}
finally  {// Code for finally block
}

try - finally 块的语法是：

try  {// Code for try block
}
finally  {// Code for finally block
}

无论在相关联的 try 和 / 或 catch 块中发生什么，finally 块都被保证被执行。

通常，我们使用 finally 块来写清理代码。

例如，我们可能获得一些资源，当我们完成它们时，必须释放。

try - finally 块允许你实现这个逻辑。

您的代码结构将如下所示:

try  {// Obtain   and  use  some resources here
}
finally  {// Release the   resources that were  obtained in the   try  block
}

例子

下面的代码演示了 finally 块的使用。

public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {int x = 10, y = 0, z = 0;try {System.out.println("Before dividing x  by  y.");z = x / y;System.out.println("After dividing x  by  y.");} catch (ArithmeticException e) {System.out.println("Inside  catch block a.");} finally {System.out.println("Inside finally  block a.");}try {System.out.println("Before setting  z  to 2.");z = 2;System.out.println("After setting  z  to 2.");}catch (Exception e) {System.out.println("Inside  catch block b.");} finally {System.out.println("Inside finally  block b.");}try {System.out.println("Inside try block c.");}finally {System.out.println("Inside finally  block c.");}try {System.out.println("Before  executing System.exit().");System.exit(0);System.out.println("After  executing System.exit().");} finally {// This finally block will not be executed// because application exits in try blockSystem.out.println("Inside finally  block d.");}}
}

上面的代码生成以下结果。

重新引用异常

捕获的异常可以重新引用。

public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {try {m1();} catch (MyException e) {// Print the stack trace e.printStackTrace();}}public static void m1() throws MyException {try {m2();} catch (MyException e) {e.fillInStackTrace();throw e;}}public static void m2() throws MyException {throw new MyException("An  error has  occurred.");}
}class MyException extends Exception {public MyException() {super();}public MyException(String message) {super(message);}public MyException(String message, Throwable cause) {super(message, cause);}public MyException(Throwable cause) {super(cause);}
}

上面的代码生成以下结果。