(自用)gtest单元测试
gtest是Google的一套用于编写C++测试的框架,可以运行在很多平台上(包括Linux、Mac OS X、Windows、Cygwin等等)。基于xUnit架构。支持很多好用的特性,包括自动识别测试、丰富的断言、断言自定义、死亡测试、非终止的失败、生成XML报告等等。
1.gtest优点
2.搭建测试框架
gtest下载地址: GitHub - google/googletest: GoogleTest - Google Testing and Mocking Framework
下载方法是:git clone GitHub - google/googletest: GoogleTest - Google Testing and Mocking Framework
安装方法是:
$ cd googletest
注意:如果在make 过程中报错,可在CMakeLists.txt 中增加如下行,再执行下面的命令: SET(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-std=c++11")
$ cmake .
$ make
然后在lib目录下会生成:libgmock.a libgmock_main.a libgtest.a libgtest_main.a
最后我们再sudo make install。
测试demo
目录结构:
要测试的两个函数如下:
simple1.cc
#include "sample1.h"// Returns n! (the factorial of n). For negative n, n! is defined to be 1.
int Factorial(int n) {int result = 1;for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {result *= i;}return result;
}// Returns true iff n is a prime number.
bool IsPrime(int n) {// Trivial case 1: small numbersif (n <= 1) return false;// Trivial case 2: even numbersif (n % 2 == 0) return n == 2;// Now, we have that n is odd and n >= 3.// Try to divide n by every odd number i, starting from 3for (int i = 3; ; i += 2) {// We only have to try i up to the square root of nif (i > n/i) break;// Now, we have i <= n/i < n.// If n is divisible by i, n is not prime.if (n % i == 0) return false;}// n has no integer factor in the range (1, n), and thus is prime.return true;
}
头文件sample.h
#ifndef GTEST_SAMPLES_SAMPLE1_H_
#define GTEST_SAMPLES_SAMPLE1_H_// Returns n! (the factorial of n). For negative n, n! is defined to be 1.
int Factorial(int n);// Returns true iff n is a prime number.
bool IsPrime(int n);#endif
编写测试类
1.包含头文件gtest/gtest.h、limits.h(最大int和最小int)
2.格式
TEST(测试套名,测试用例名)
{//EXPECT_XX}
一个测试套下可以有多个测试用例
eg:
simple_unittest.cc
#include <limits.h>//包含最大最小数
#include "sample1.h"
#include "gtest/gtest.h"//gtest头文件
namespace {TEST(FactorialTest, Negative) {// 测试名叫Negative,属于FactorialTest测试套// 测试用例EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(-5));//断言相等EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(-1));//前后顺序不影响EXPECT_GT(Factorial(-10), 0);//断言大于}TEST(FactorialTest, Zero) {EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(0));}TEST(FactorialTest, Positive) {EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(1));EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(2));EXPECT_EQ(6, Factorial(3));EXPECT_EQ(40320, Factorial(8));}// Tests IsPrime() 测试是否是素数TEST(IsPrimeTest, Negative) {//预测 true or falseEXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(-1));EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(-2));EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(INT_MIN));}TEST(IsPrimeTest, Trivial) {EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(0));EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(1));EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(2));EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(3));}TEST(IsPrimeTest, Positive) {EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(4));EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(5));EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(6));EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(23));}
} // namespace
进行测试
不带main
实现测试的main函数,当然我们也可以不用写main函数,那就需要连接gtest_main.a这个库(编译时添加-lgtest_main选项)。比如这样子编译:
g++ sample1.cc sample1_unittest.cc -lgtest -std=c++14 -lgtest_main -lpthread -o test1
执行结果:
带main
固定写法,将main补充在最后面
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc,argv);return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}
完整测试.cc:
#include <limits.h>//包含最大最小数
#include "sample1.h"
#include "gtest/gtest.h"//gtest头文件
namespace {TEST(FactorialTest, Negative) {// 测试名叫Negative,属于FactorialTest测试套// 测试用例EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(-5));//断言相等EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(-1));//前后顺序不影响EXPECT_GT(Factorial(-10), 0);//断言大于}TEST(FactorialTest, Zero) {EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(0));}TEST(FactorialTest, Positive) {EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(1));EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(2));EXPECT_EQ(6, Factorial(3));EXPECT_EQ(40320, Factorial(8));}// Tests IsPrime() 测试是否是素数TEST(IsPrimeTest, Negative) {//预测 true or falseEXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(-1));EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(-2));EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(INT_MIN));}TEST(IsPrimeTest, Trivial) {EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(0));EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(1));EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(2));EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(3));}TEST(IsPrimeTest, Positive) {EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(4));EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(5));EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(6));EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(23));}
} // namespaceint main(int argc, char** argv)
{testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc,argv);return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}
编译时去掉-lgtest_main选项: