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WPF篇（13）-ScrollViewer控件+ScrollBar滚动条+Slider滑动条

news 来源：原创 2024/9/20 6:46:11

ScrollViewer控件

如果某个控件的尺寸太大，当前界面无法全部显示，则可以将这个控件包含在ScrollViewer中，因为ScrollViewer控件封装了一个水平滚动条ScrollBar和一个垂直滚动条ScrollBar，所以，ScrollViewer就是一个包含其它可视元素的可滚动区域控件。

ScrollViewer继承于ContentControl，所以它也是一个内容控件，只能在Content属性中设置一个子元素，如果要在ScrollViewer中显示多个子元素，请设置一个集合控件。
ScrollViewer 控件既响应鼠标命令，也响应键盘命令，并定义许多可用于按预设的增量滚动内容的方法。可以使用 ScrollChanged 事件来检测 ScrollViewer 状态的变化。

属性成员

HorizontalScrollBarVisibility：是否隐藏水平滚动条，为true表示隐藏，此时水平方向不可滚动。
VerticalScrollBarVisibility：是否隐藏垂直滚动条，为true表示隐藏，此时垂直方向不可滚动。

事件成员

ScrollChanged：当控件的滚动位置发生变化时将触发此事件。

示例

<ScrollViewer VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto"><WrapPanel><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border></WrapPanel></ScrollViewer>

在这里插入图片描述

如上所示，我们在WrapPanel中增加了许多子元素，然后在外面套了一层ScrollViewer，由于WrapPanel是自动换行显示所有子元素（图片），所以，ScrollViewer会做出相应适配，只显示垂直滚动条。

<ScrollViewer HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Auto"><WrapPanel><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border></WrapPanel></ScrollViewer>

在这里插入图片描述

ScrollBar滚动条

ScrollBar表示一个滚动条，该滚动条具有一个滑动 Thumb，其位置对应于一个值。它继承于RangeBase抽象基类，RangeBase基类继承于Control基类。带滚动特质的还有两个控件，也继承于RangeBase抽象基类，它们分别是ProgressBar（进度条）和Slider（滑动条）。

RangeBase属性

LargeChange：表示给Value属性加减的最大值。默认为1。
SmallChange：表示给Value属性加减的最小值。默认为0.1。
Value：获取或设置范围控件的当前数量。默认为0。
Maximum：获取或设置Value属性的最大值。
Minimum：获取或设置Value属性的最小值。

RangeBase事件成员

ValueChanged：当前Value属性发生改变时触发的事件。

注意：ScrollBar、ProgressBar和Slider都将继承上面的属性、方面与事件成员。

ScrollBar自身属性

ScrollBar自身有两个属性，Orientation 和ViewportSize 。

Orientation ：表示当前滚动条是水平的还是垂直的。
ViewportSize：获取或设置当前可见的可滚动内容的数量。默认值为0。

另外，它还有一个滚动事件Scroll可以使用。

举例

前端代码

<Grid x:Name="viewport" ><Grid.RowDefinitions><RowDefinition Height="115"/><RowDefinition Height="auto"/><RowDefinition/></Grid.RowDefinitions><Canvas><StackPanel x:Name="element" Orientation="Horizontal" Canvas.Left="{Binding CanvasLeft}"><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/></Border></StackPanel></Canvas>        <ScrollBar Grid.Row="1" Orientation="Horizontal" Maximum="{Binding Maximum}"Value="{Binding X}"ViewportSize="{Binding ElementName=viewport,Path=ActualWidth}"/><TextBlock Grid.Row="2" Text="ScrollBar" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" FontSize="24"/></Grid>

观察这个UI设计，在StackPanel控件中增加了多张图片，使其不能完全在Canvas中显示出来，然后在下面实例化了一根水平滚动条。注意滚动条的其中三个参数使用了绑定。

Maximum：表示这根滚动条的最大值。
Value：表示滚动条的当前值。
ViewportSize：表示滚动条要作用于某个控件的宽度（这里实际上指Grid的宽度）。

最后，我们将StackPanel控件的Canvas.Left依赖属性绑定到一个CanvasLeft属性。只要CanvasLeft属性的值发生改变，那么StackPanel相对于Canvas水平位置就发生改变。

那么CanvasLeft属性是怎样发生改变的呢？这一切将在后台代码中实现。

后端代码

 /// <summary>/// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml/// </summary>public partial class MainWindow : INotifyPropertyChanged{public MainWindow(){InitializeComponent();DataContext = this;//将当前窗体作为ViewModel赋值给当前窗体的DataContextLoaded += (s, e) =>{//计算滚动条的最大值Maximum = element.ActualWidth - viewport.ActualWidth;};}private double maximum = 0;/// <summary>/// 滚动条的最大值/// </summary>public double Maximum{get { return maximum; }set { maximum = value; NotifyPropertyChanged("Maximum"); }}private double x = 0;/// <summary>/// 滚动条的当前值/// </summary>public double X{get { return x; }set { x = value; CanvasLeft = -x; NotifyPropertyChanged("X"); }}private double canvasLeft = 0;/// <summary>/// 相对于Canvas控件Left边距/// </summary>public double CanvasLeft{get { return canvasLeft; }set { canvasLeft = value; NotifyPropertyChanged("CanvasLeft"); }}public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;/// <summary>/// 属性通知方法/// </summary>/// <param name="propertyName"></param>protected virtual void NotifyPropertyChanged(string propertyName){if (this.PropertyChanged != null){this.PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));}}}

在这里插入图片描述

如果把下面这段代码换成Slider控件，也是可以用的：

更换前

<ScrollBar Grid.Row="1" Orientation="Horizontal" Maximum="{Binding Maximum}"Value="{Binding X}"ViewportSize="{Binding ElementName=viewport,Path=ActualWidth}"/>

更换后

<Slider Grid.Row="1" Maximum="{Binding Maximum}" Value="{Binding X}"/>

Slider滑动条

Slider滑动条与ScrollBar滚动条有点相似，甚至某些情况下，两者还可以互换使用。Slider也继承于RangeBase基类，其功能是提供一个可以滑动取值的控件。

属性成员

IsSnapToTickEnabled：Slider会有一些刻度线，如果要求Thumb移动到最近的刻度线，则可将该值设置为true。
AutoToolTipPrecision：获取或设置Slider的值的小数点位数。
AutoToolTipPlacement ：获取或设置按下Thumb时是否显示提示工具。
Interval ：获取或设置用户按下RepeatButton时执行增加减少命令的时间间隔（毫秒）。
Delay ：获取或设置用户按下RepeatButton时延时多少毫秒后执行命令
IsDirectionReversed：获取或设置增加值的方向。
Orientation ：获取或设置Slider的方向。水平或垂直。
TickFrequency：获取或设置刻度线之间的间隔。默认为1.0
Ticks：获取或设置为 System.Windows.Controls.Slider 显示的刻度线的位置。
SelectionStart：获取或设置 System.Windows.Controls.Slider 的指定选择内容的最大值。
TickPlacement：获取或设置刻度线的位置
IsSelectionRangeEnabled：获取或设置显示选择范围
IsMoveToPointEnabled：如果Thumb 立即移动到鼠标单击的位置，则为true。
SelectionEnd ：获取或设置 System.Windows.Controls.Slider 的指定选择内容的最大值。

示例

 <Grid x:Name="viewport" ><Grid.RowDefinitions><RowDefinition Height="*"/><RowDefinition Height="auto"/><RowDefinition Height="auto"/></Grid.RowDefinitions><Canvas><Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3"><Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="{Binding ElementName=slider,Path=Value}" Height="{Binding ElementName=slider,Path=Value}"/></Border></Canvas><DockPanel Grid.Row="1"><TextBlock Text="滑动改变图片大小" Margin="3" FontSize="14"/><Slider x:Name="slider" Minimum="50" Maximum="500" Value="50" Margin="3"/></DockPanel>        </Grid>