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自定义事件分发

news 来源：原创 2024/9/20 0:46:47

一、在C++中创建可接收事件的接口类EventInterface，继承自UInterface
1、EventInterface.h

#pragma once
#include "CoreMinimal.h"
#include "UObject/Interface.h"
#include "EventInterface.generated.h"
UINTERFACE(MinimalAPI)
class UEventInterface : public UInterface
{GENERATED_BODY()
};class EVENTDISPATHER_API IEventInterface
{GENERATED_BODY()
public:UFUNCTION(BlueprintNativeEvent, Category = "Event Dispather Utility")void OnReceiveEvent(UObject* Data);
};

注意：
声明一个接收事件的函数OnReceiveEvent，这里没有用Virtual关键字，是因为Virtual关键字不能在蓝图中使用。
BlueprintNativeEvent标记的函数，在C++中需要通过OnReceiveEvent_Implement来实现，在蓝图中也可以调出OnReceiveEvent事件节点。
蓝图中如果调用父类的OnReceiveEvent函数，就是先调用C++版本的OnReceiveEvent_Implement函数。

2、EventInterface.cpp

#include "EventInterface.h"

二、在C++中创建事件管理器类CustomEventManager，继承自BlueprintFunctionLibrary
1、CustomEventManager.h

#pragma once
#include "CoreMinimal.h"
#include "Kismet/BlueprintFunctionLibrary.h"
#include "CustomEventManager.generated.h"
UCLASS()
class EVENTDISPATHER_API UCustomEventManager : public UBlueprintFunctionLibrary
{GENERATED_BODY()
private:static TMap<FString, TArray<UObject*>> AllListeners;
public:UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable, Category = "Event Dispather Utility")static void AddEventListener(FString EventName, UObject* Listener);UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable, Category = "Event Dispather Utility")static void RemoveEventListener(FString EventName, UObject* Listener);UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable, Category = "Event Dispather Utility")static FString DispatchEvent(FString EventName, UObject* Data);UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable, BlueprintPure, Category = "Event Dispather Utility")static UObject* NewAsset(UClass* ClassType);
};

注意：事件管理器包含了下面函数
添加事件监听AddEventListener
移除事件监听RemoveEventListener
发送事件DispatchEvent
初始化事件参数NewAsset

2、CustomEventManager.cpp

#include "CustomEventManager.h"
#include "EventInterface.h"
#include "Engine.h"TMap<FString, TArray<UObject*>> UCustomEventManager::AllListeners;void UCustomEventManager::AddEventListener(FString EventName, UObject* Listener)
{//表示指针为nullptr但是可能还没有被垃圾回收//所以需要IsValidLowLevel判断底层是否有效//ImplementsInterface用于判断是否实现了指定的接口if (EventName == "" || Listener == nullptr || !Listener->IsValidLowLevel() || !Listener->GetClass()->ImplementsInterface(UEventInterface::StaticClass())){return;}TArray<UObject*>* Arr = UCustomEventManager::AllListeners.Find(EventName);if (Arr == nullptr || Arr->Num() == 0){TArray<UObject*> NewArr = { Listener };UCustomEventManager::AllListeners.Add(EventName, NewArr);}else{Arr->Add(Listener);}
}void UCustomEventManager::RemoveEventListener(FString EventName, UObject* Listener)
{TArray<UObject*>* Arr = UCustomEventManager::AllListeners.Find(EventName);if (Arr != nullptr && Arr->Num() != 0){Arr->Remove(Listener);}
}FString UCustomEventManager::DispatchEvent(FString EventName, UObject* Data)
{TArray<UObject*>* Arr = UCustomEventManager::AllListeners.Find(EventName);if (Arr == nullptr || Arr->Num() == 0){return "'" + EventName + "' No Listener.";}FString ErrorInfo = "\n";for (int i = 0; i < Arr->Num(); i++){UObject* Obj = (*Arr)[i];if (Obj == nullptr || !Obj->IsValidLowLevel() || !Obj->GetClass()->ImplementsInterface(UEventInterface::StaticClass())){Arr->RemoveAt(i--);}else{UFunction* Fun = Obj->FindFunction("OnReceiveEvent");if (Fun == nullptr || !Fun->IsValidLowLevel()){ErrorInfo += "'" + Obj->GetName() + "' No 'OnReceiveEvent' Function. \n";}else{Obj->ProcessEvent(Fun, &Data);}}}return ErrorInfo;
}
UObject* UCustomEventManager::NewAsset(UClass* ClassType)
{//GetTransientPackage获取临时的包，将Obj生成进去UObject* Obj = NewObject<UObject>(GetTransientPackage(), ClassType);return Obj;
}

三、在C++中创建事件参数类MyData，继承自UObject
1、MyData.h

#pragma once
#include "CoreMinimal.h"
#include "UObject/NoExportTypes.h"
#include "MyData.generated.h"
UCLASS(Blueprintable)
class EVENTDISPATHER_API UMyData : public UObject
{GENERATED_BODY()
public:UMyData();UPROPERTY(BlueprintReadWrite)int Param;
};

2、MyData.cpp

#include "MyData.h"
UMyData::UMyData()
{
}

四、在C++中发送、接收和移除事件
1、发送事件

#include "../EventDispatherUtility/CustomEventManager.h"
#include "MyData.h"
void AMyBpAndCpp_Sender::BeginPlay()
{UMyData* Data = Cast<UMyData>(UCustomEventManager::NewAsset(UMyData::StaticClass()));Data->Param = FMath::RandRange(0, 100);UCustomEventManager::DispatchEvent("MyBpAndCpp_DispatchEvent", Data);
}

2、接收和移除事件
MyBpAndCpp_Receive_G.h

#pragma once
#include "CoreMinimal.h"
#include "MyBpAndCpp_Receive_Parent.h"
#include "../EventDispatherUtility/EventInterface.h"
#include "MyBpAndCpp_Receive_G.generated.h"
UCLASS()
class EVENTDISPATHER_API AMyBpAndCpp_Receive_G : public AMyBpAndCpp_Receive_Parent,public IEventInterface
{GENERATED_BODY()
protected:virtual void BeginPlay() override;virtual void BeginDestroy() override;
public:void OnReceiveEvent_Implementation(UObject* Data) override;
};

MyBpAndCpp_Receive_G.cpp

#include "MyBpAndCpp_Receive_G.h"
#include "Engine/Engine.h"
#include "MyData.h"
#include "../EventDispatherUtility/CustomEventManager.h"
#include "TimerManager.h"void AMyBpAndCpp_Receive_G::BeginPlay()
{Super::BeginPlay();UCustomEventManager::AddEventListener("MyBpAndCpp_DispatchEvent", this);FTimerHandle TimerHandle;auto Lambda = [this](){UCustomEventManager::RemoveEventListener("MyBpAndCpp_DispatchEvent", this);};//GetWorld()->GetTimerManager().SetTimer(TimerHandle, FTimerDelegate::CreateLambda(Lambda), 5.0f, false);}
void AMyBpAndCpp_Receive_G::BeginDestroy()
{UCustomEventManager::RemoveEventListener("MyBpAndCpp_DispatchEvent", this);Super::BeginDestroy();
}
void AMyBpAndCpp_Receive_G::OnReceiveEvent_Implementation(UObject* Data)
{GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(INDEX_NONE, 10.0f, FColor::Green, FString::Printf(TEXT("%i"), Cast<UMyData>(Data)->Param));
}