Docker容器创建时，无法访问镜像源：Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80

1.问题描述

当基于dockerfile创建容器时，遇到Could not connect to ...、Failed to fetch ...等异常时，大概原因是没有配置好容器创建所需的镜像源。这里以Ubuntu基础镜像源为例。

• dockerfile内容

FROM ubuntu
RUN apt update && apt install python3 -y && apt install python3-pip -y && apt install git -y && apt install vim -y && apt install curl -y && apt install wget -y && apt install unzip -y && apt install zip -y && apt install tree -y && apt install npm -y
CMD ["bash"]

• dockerfile执行与异常提示

$ docker build -f data/dockerfiles --tag my_testGet:1 http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal InRelease [265 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease [128 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease [128 kB]
此处省略......
Ign:33 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble InRelease
Ign:34 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates InRelease
Ign:35 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-backports InRelease
此处省略......Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (185.125.190.81), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (91.189.91.82), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (91.189.91.81), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (185.125.190.82), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (185.125.190.83), connection timed out
Err:34 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates InReleaseUnable to connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80:
此处省略......
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/noble/InRelease  Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (185.125.190.81), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (91.189.91.82), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (91.189.91.81), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (185.125.190.82), connection timed out Could not connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80 (185.125.190.83), connection timed out
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/noble-updates/InRelease  Unable to connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80:
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/noble-backports/InRelease  Unable to connect to archive.ubuntu.com:80:
此处省略......

2.解决方案

本质上，是需要修改基于镜像文件创建的容器中的/etc/apt/sources.list文件，将该文件中的镜像源从官方源换成国内源。这里以Ubuntu基础镜像源为例，有如下两种可选方案实施。

2.1.从dockerfile添加命令修改（自动化、简单）

打开dockerfile，在FROM ...命令后添加镜像源修改命令即可，如下：

FROM ubuntu
# 镜像源修改命令
RUN sed -i "s@http://.*archive.ubuntu.com@http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com@g" /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN sed -i "s@http://.*security.ubuntu.com@http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com@g" /etc/apt/sources.list
# 容器软件安装命令
RUN apt update && apt install python3 -y && apt install python3-pip -y && apt install git -y && apt install vim -y && apt install curl -y && apt install wget -y && apt install unzip -y && apt install zip -y && apt install tree -y && apt install npm -y
CMD ["bash"]

添加镜像源修改命令后，再次执行容器构建命令docker build -f data/dockerfiles --tag my_test，即可快速完成容器构建。

2.2.从创建启动的基础镜像容器修改（略微繁琐）

• （1）创建启动基础镜像的容器

  $ docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash
  

• （2）进入容器命令行，然后手动修改sources.list文件

  $ vim /etc/apt/sources.list# 官方sources.list文件内容
  deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
  deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
  deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
  deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
  deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
  deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
  deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
  deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
  deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
  deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
  deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
  deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
  deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted
  deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted
  deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security universe
  deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security universe
  deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security multiverse
  deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security multiverse
  

  将上述官方sources.list文件内容修改为如下：

  deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted
  deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted
  deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main restricted
  deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main restricted
  deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic universe
  deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic universe
  deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates universe
  deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates universe
  deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic multiverse
  deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates multiverse
  deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
  deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
  deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
  deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
  deb http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
  deb-src http://mirrors.tools.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
  

  注意，重要事情说3遍：
  该步骤一定是在启动的基础镜像容器内部执行！！！
  该步骤一定是在启动的基础镜像容器内部执行！！！
  该步骤一定是在启动的基础镜像容器内部执行！！！

• （3）在当前容器中，手动安装dockerfile中列出的其他软件包

  apt update && apt install python3 -y && apt install python3-pip -y && apt install git -y && apt install vim -y && apt install curl -y && apt install wget -y && apt install unzip -y && apt install zip -y && apt install tree -y && apt install npm -y