用了大半天时间才了解如何使用httpclient来进行https访问，现记录，已备后忘。

httpclient完全支持ssl连接方式。通常，如果不需要进行客户端认证和服务器端认证的ssl连接，httpclient的处理方式是和http方式完全一样。

现在这里是讲的是需要客户端认证数字证书时的httpclient处理方式（因为需要客户端认证时，连接会被主动关闭）。

1。使用ie访问你要连结的url地址，这时你会看到弹出一个询问是否继续和服务器建立连接的对话框（安全警报）。选择“查看证书”->“详细信息”->“复制文件到”导出数字证书（例： server.cer或server.crt）。

2。使用导出的数字证书来创建你的keystore

keytool -import -alias "my server cert" -file server.cer -keystore my.truststore
 


keytool -genkey -v -alias "my client key" -validity 365 -keystore my.keystore

3。在引入AuthSSLProtocolSocketFactory.java，AuthSSLX509TrustManager.java和AuthSSLInitializationError后在你的代码里按下面的例子里来进行ssl连接

Protocol authhttps = new Protocol("https",

new AuthSSLProtocolSocketFactory(

new URL("file:my.keystore"), "mypassword",

new URL("file:my.truststore"), "mypassword"), 8443);

HttpClient client = new HttpClient();

client.getHostConfiguration().setHost("sh.12530", 8443, authhttps);

/*只能使用相对路径*/

GetMethod httpget = new GetMethod("/");

client.executeMethod(httpget);

附录：

AuthSSLInitializationError.java

public class AuthSSLInitializationError extends Error {

/**
* 构招一个AuthSSLInitializationError实例
*/
public AuthSSLInitializationError() {
super();
}

/**
* 用指定信息构造一个AuthSSLInitializationError实例
* @param message
*/
public AuthSSLInitializationError(String message) {
super(message);
}
}




AuthSSLX509TrustManager.java

import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;

import com.sun.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

public class AuthSSLX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager
{
private X509TrustManager defaultTrustManager = null;

/** Log object for this class. */
private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(AuthSSLX509TrustManager.class);

/**
* Constructor for AuthSSLX509TrustManager.
*/
public AuthSSLX509TrustManager(final X509TrustManager defaultTrustManager) {
super();
if (defaultTrustManager == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Trust manager may not be null");
}
this.defaultTrustManager = defaultTrustManager;
}

/**
* @see com.sun.net.ssl.X509TrustManager#isClientTrusted(X509Certificate[])
*/
public boolean isClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] certificates) {
if (LOG.isInfoEnabled() && certificates != null) {
for (int c = 0; c < certificates.length; c++) {
X509Certificate cert = certificates[c];
LOG.info(" Client certificate " + (c + 1) + ":");
LOG.info(" Subject DN: " + cert.getSubjectDN());
LOG.info(" Signature Algorithm: " + cert.getSigAlgName());
LOG.info(" Valid from: " + cert.getNotBefore() );
LOG.info(" Valid until: " + cert.getNotAfter());
LOG.info(" Issuer: " + cert.getIssuerDN());
}
}
return this.defaultTrustManager.isClientTrusted(certificates);
}

/**
* @see com.sun.net.ssl.X509TrustManager#isServerTrusted(X509Certificate[])
*/
public boolean isServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] certificates) {
if (LOG.isInfoEnabled() && certificates != null) {
for (int c = 0; c < certificates.length; c++) {
X509Certificate cert = certificates[c];
LOG.info(" Server certificate " + (c + 1) + ":");
LOG.info(" Subject DN: " + cert.getSubjectDN());
LOG.info(" Signature Algorithm: " + cert.getSigAlgName());
LOG.info(" Valid from: " + cert.getNotBefore() );
LOG.info(" Valid until: " + cert.getNotAfter());
LOG.info(" Issuer: " + cert.getIssuerDN());
}
}
return this.defaultTrustManager.isServerTrusted(certificates);
}

/**
* @see com.sun.net.ssl.X509TrustManager#getAcceptedIssuers()
*/
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return this.defaultTrustManager.getAcceptedIssuers();
}
}



AuthSSLProtocolSocketFactory .java

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.UnrecoverableKeyException;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.Enumeration;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.ConnectTimeoutException;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpConnectionParams;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.ControllerThreadSocketFactory;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.SecureProtocolSocketFactory;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

import com.sun.net.ssl.KeyManager;
import com.sun.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory;
import com.sun.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import com.sun.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import com.sun.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;
import com.sun.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;

public class AuthSSLProtocolSocketFactory implements SecureProtocolSocketFactory {

/** Log object for this class. */
private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(AuthSSLProtocolSocketFactory.class);

private URL keystoreUrl = null;
private String keystorePassword = null;
private URL truststoreUrl = null;
private String truststorePassword = null;
private SSLContext sslcontext = null;

/**
* Constructor for AuthSSLProtocolSocketFactory. Either a keystore or truststore file
* must be given. Otherwise SSL context initialization error will result.
*
* @param keystoreUrl URL of the keystore file. May be <tt>null</tt> if HTTPS client
* authentication is not to be used.
* @param keystorePassword Password to unlock the keystore. IMPORTANT: this implementation
* assumes that the same password is used to protect the key and the keystore itself.
* @param truststoreUrl URL of the truststore file. May be <tt>null</tt> if HTTPS server
* authentication is not to be used.
* @param truststorePassword Password to unlock the truststore.
*/
public AuthSSLProtocolSocketFactory(
final URL keystoreUrl, final String keystorePassword,
final URL truststoreUrl, final String truststorePassword)
{
super();
this.keystoreUrl = keystoreUrl;
this.keystorePassword = keystorePassword;
this.truststore truststoreUrl;
this.truststorePassword = truststorePassword;
}

private static KeyStore createKeyStore(final URL url, final String password)
throws KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, CertificateException, IOException
{
if (url == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Keystore url may not be null");
}
LOG.debug("Initializing key store");
KeyStore keystore = KeyStore.getInstance("jks");
keystore.load(url.openStream(), password != null ? password.toCharArray(): null);
return keystore;
}

private static KeyManager[] createKeyManagers(final KeyStore keystore, final String password)
throws KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, UnrecoverableKeyException
{
if (keystore == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Keystore may not be null");
}
LOG.debug("Initializing key manager");
KeyManagerFactory kmfactory = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(
KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
kmfactory.init(keystore, password != null ? password.toCharArray(): null);
return kmfactory.getKeyManagers();
}

private static TrustManager[] createTrustManagers(final KeyStore keystore)
throws KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException
{
if (keystore == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Keystore may not be null");
}
LOG.debug("Initializing trust manager");
TrustManagerFactory tmfactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(
TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
tmfactory.init(keystore);
TrustManager[] trustmanagers = tmfactory.getTrustManagers();
for (int i = 0; i < trustmanagers.length; i++) {
if (trustmanagers[i] instanceof X509TrustManager) {
trustmanagers[i] = new AuthSSLX509TrustManager(
(X509TrustManager)trustmanagers[i]);
}
}
return trustmanagers;
}

private SSLContext createSSLContext() {
try {
KeyManager[] keymanagers = null;
TrustManager[] trustmanagers = null;
if (this.keystoreUrl != null) {
KeyStore keystore = createKeyStore(this.keystoreUrl, this.keystorePassword);
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
Enumeration aliases = keystore.aliases();
while (aliases.hasMoreElements()) {
String alias = (String)aliases.nextElement();
Certificate[] certs = keystore.getCertificateChain(alias);
if (certs != null) {
LOG.debug("Certificate chain '" + alias + "':");
for (int c = 0; c < certs.length; c++) {
if (certs[c] instanceof X509Certificate) {
X509Certificate cert = (X509Certificate)certs[c];
LOG.debug(" Certificate " + (c + 1) + ":");
LOG.debug(" Subject DN: " + cert.getSubjectDN());
LOG.debug(" Signature Algorithm: " + cert.getSigAlgName());
LOG.debug(" Valid from: " + cert.getNotBefore() );
LOG.debug(" Valid until: " + cert.getNotAfter());
LOG.debug(" Issuer: " + cert.getIssuerDN());
}
}
}
}
}
keymanagers = createKeyManagers(keystore, this.keystorePassword);
}
if (this.truststoreUrl != null) {
KeyStore keystore = createKeyStore(this.truststoreUrl, this.truststorePassword);
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
Enumeration aliases = keystore.aliases();
while (aliases.hasMoreElements()) {
String alias = (String)aliases.nextElement();
LOG.debug("Trusted certificate '" + alias + "':");
Certificate trustedcert = keystore.getCertificate(alias);
if (trustedcert != null && trustedcert instanceof X509Certificate) {
X509Certificate cert = (X509Certificate)trustedcert;
LOG.debug(" Subject DN: " + cert.getSubjectDN());
LOG.debug(" Signature Algorithm: " + cert.getSigAlgName());
LOG.debug(" Valid from: " + cert.getNotBefore() );
LOG.debug(" Valid until: " + cert.getNotAfter());
LOG.debug(" Issuer: " + cert.getIssuerDN());
}
}
}
trustmanagers = createTrustManagers(keystore);
}
SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
sslcontext.init(keymanagers, trustmanagers, null);
return sslcontext;
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
LOG.error(e.getMessage(), e);
throw new AuthSSLInitializationError("Unsupported algorithm exception: " + e.getMessage());
} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
LOG.error(e.getMessage(), e);
throw new AuthSSLInitializationError("Keystore exception: " + e.getMessage());
} catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
LOG.error(e.getMessage(), e);
throw new AuthSSLInitializationError("Key management exception: " + e.getMessage());
} catch (IOException e) {
LOG.error(e.getMessage(), e);
throw new AuthSSLInitializationError("I/O error reading keystore/truststore file: " + e.getMessage());
}
}

private SSLContext getSSLContext() {
if (this.sslcontext == null) {
this.sslcontext = createSSLContext();
}
return this.sslcontext;
}

/**
* Attempts to get a new socket connection to the given host within the given time limit.
* <p>
* To circumvent the limitations of older JREs that do not support connect timeout a
* controller thread is executed. The controller thread attempts to create a new socket
* within the given limit of time. If socket constructor does not return until the
* timeout expires, the controller terminates and throws an {@link ConnectTimeoutException}
* </p>
*
* @param host the host name/IP
* @param port the port on the host
* @param clientHost the local host name/IP to bind the socket to
* @param clientPort the port on the local machine
* @param params {@link HttpConnectionParams Http connection parameters}
*
* @return Socket a new socket
*
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs while creating the socket
* @throws UnknownHostException if the IP address of the host cannot be
* determined
*/
public Socket createSocket(
final String host,
final int port,
final InetAddress localAddress,
final int localPort,
final HttpConnectionParams params
) throws IOException, UnknownHostException, ConnectTimeoutException {
if (params == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Parameters may not be null");
}
int timeout = params.getConnectionTimeout();
if (timeout == 0) {
return createSocket(host, port, localAddress, localPort);
} else {
// To be eventually deprecated when migrated to Java 1.4 or above
return ControllerThreadSocketFactory.createSocket(
this, host, port, localAddress, localPort, timeout);
}
}

/**
* @see SecureProtocolSocketFactory#createSocket(java.lang.String,int,java.net.InetAddress,int)
*/
public Socket createSocket(
String host,
int port,
InetAddress clientHost,
int clientPort)
throws IOException, UnknownHostException
{
return getSSLContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket(
host,
port,
clientHost,
clientPort
);
}

/**
* @see SecureProtocolSocketFactory#createSocket(java.lang.String,int)
*/
public Socket createSocket(String host, int port)
throws IOException, UnknownHostException
{
return getSSLContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket(
host,
port
);
}

/**
* @see SecureProtocolSocketFactory#createSocket(java.net.Socket,java.lang.String,int,boolean)
*/
public Socket createSocket(
Socket socket,
String host,
int port,
boolean autoClose)
throws IOException, UnknownHostException
{
return getSSLContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket(
socket,
host,
port,
autoClose
);
}
}