为什么80%的码农都做不了架构师？>>> 
其实Question2Answer本身就提供了与外部系统集成的接口，我们只要进行少量的编码，修改这个接口文件就可以实现与Drupal的同步注册、登录和退出等功能。
- 先安装Drupal。
- 下载 Question2Answer 1.5.2，并解压到Drupal的安装目录下，并将文件夹question2answer重命名为 qa。
- 将 qa 目录下的 qa-external-example 重命名为 qa-external。
- 用你喜欢的编辑器打开qa-external目录下的 qa-external-users.php。
- 添加登录的链接。查找：function qa_get_login_links($relative_url_prefix, $redirect_back_to_url)在这个函数中添加如下代码：
return array( 'login' => $relative_url_prefix.'../user?destination=qa', 'register' => $relative_url_prefix.'../user/register', 'logout' => $relative_url_prefix.'../user/logout', ); - 获取登录用户。查找 function qa_get_logged_in_user()。 在这个函数中添加如何代码：
if ($_COOKIE) { // $uid = $GLOBALS['user']->uid; foreach ($_COOKIE as $key => $value) { if(substr_compare($key, 'SESS', 0)>0){ $qa_db_connection=qa_db_connection(); $result=mysql_fetch_assoc( mysql_query( "SELECT uid, name, mail FROM users WHERE uid=". //, admin_flag "(SELECT uid FROM sessions WHERE sid='".mysql_real_escape_string($_COOKIE[$key], $qa_db_connection)."')", $qa_db_connection ) ); if (is_array($result)) return array( 'userid' => $result['uid'], 'publicusername' => $result['name'], 'email' => $result['mail'], 'level' => $result['uid']==1 ? QA_USER_LEVEL_ADMIN : QA_USER_LEVEL_BASIC ); } } } return null; - 获取用户的Email地址。查找 function qa_get_user_email($userid)。 在这个函数中添加如何代码：
$qa_db_connection=qa_db_connection(); $result=mysql_fetch_assoc( mysql_query( "SELECT mail FROM users WHERE uid='".mysql_real_escape_string($userid, $qa_db_connection)."'", $qa_db_connection ) ); if (is_array($result)) return $result['mail']; return null;
.... 还有些就不细说了，下面是全部代码：
<?php
/*
Question2Answer (c) Gideon Greenspan
<a href="http://www.question2answer.org/" title="http://www.question2answer.org/">http://www.question2answer.org/</a>
File: qa-external-example/qa-external-users.php
Version: See define()s at top of qa-include/qa-base.php
Description: Example of how to integrate with your own user database
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
More about this license: <a href="http://www.question2answer.org/license.php" title="http://www.question2answer.org/license.php">http://www.question2answer.org/license.php</a>
*/
/*
=========================================================================
THIS FILE ALLOWS YOU TO INTEGRATE WITH AN EXISTING USER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
=========================================================================
It is used if QA_EXTERNAL_USERS is set to true in qa-config.php.
*/
if (!defined('QA_VERSION')) { // don't allow this page to be requested directly from browser
header('Location: ../');
exit;
}
function qa_get_mysql_user_column_type()
{
/*
==========================================================================
YOU MUST MODIFY THIS FUNCTION *BEFORE* Q2A CREATES ITS DATABASE
==========================================================================
You should return the appropriate MySQL column type to use for the userid,
for smooth integration with your existing users. Allowed options are:
SMALLINT, SMALLINT UNSIGNED, MEDIUMINT, MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED, INT, INT UNSIGNED,
BIGINT, BIGINT UNSIGNED or VARCHAR(x) where x is the maximum length.
*/
// Set this before anything else
//return null;
return 'INT UNSIGNED';
/*
Example 1 - suitable if:
* You use textual user identifiers with a maximum length of 32
return 'VARCHAR(32)';
*/
/*
Example 2 - suitable if:
* You use unsigned numerical user identifiers in an INT UNSIGNED column
return 'INT UNSIGNED';
*/
}
function qa_get_login_links($relative_url_prefix, $redirect_back_to_url)
/*
===========================================================================
YOU MUST MODIFY THIS FUNCTION, BUT CAN DO SO AFTER Q2A CREATES ITS DATABASE
===========================================================================
You should return an array containing URLs for the login, register and logout pages on
your site. These URLs will be used as appropriate within the Q2A site.
You may return absolute or relative URLs for each page. If you do not want one of the links
to show, omit it from the array, or use null or an empty string.
If you use absolute URLs, then return an array with the URLs in full (see example 1 below).
If you use relative URLs, the URLs should start with $relative_url_prefix, followed by the
relative path from the root of the Q2A site to your login page. Like in example 2 below, if
the Q2A site is in a subdirectory, $relative_url_prefix.'../' refers to your site root.
Now, about $redirect_back_to_url. Let's say a user is viewing a page on the Q2A site, and
clicks a link to the login URL that you returned from this function. After they log in using
the form on your main site, they want to automatically go back to the page on the Q2A site
where they came from. This can be done with an HTTP redirect, but how does your login page
know where to redirect the user to? The solution is $redirect_back_to_url, which is the URL
of the page on the Q2A site where you should send the user once they've successfully logged
in. To implement this, you can add $redirect_back_to_url as a parameter to the login URL
that you return from this function. Your login page can then read it in from this parameter,
and redirect the user back to the page after they've logged in. The same applies for your
register and logout pages. Note that the URL you are given in $redirect_back_to_url is
relative to the root of the Q2A site, so you may need to add something.
*/
{
// Until you edit this function, don't show login, register or logout links
return array(
'login' => $relative_url_prefix.'../user?destination=qa',
'register' => $relative_url_prefix.'../user/register',
'logout' => $relative_url_prefix.'../user/logout',
);
/*
Example 1 - using absolute URLs, suitable if:
* Your Q2A site: <a href="http://qa.mysite.com/" title="http://qa.mysite.com/">http://qa.mysite.com/</a>
* Your login page: <a href="http://www.mysite.com/login" title="http://www.mysite.com/login">http://www.mysite.com/login</a>
* Your register page: <a href="http://www.mysite.com/register" title="http://www.mysite.com/register">http://www.mysite.com/register</a>
* Your logout page: <a href="http://www.mysite.com/logout" title="http://www.mysite.com/logout">http://www.mysite.com/logout</a>
return array(
'login' => 'http://www.mysite.com/login',
'register' => 'http://www.mysite.com/register',
'logout' => 'http://www.mysite.com/logout',
);
*/
/*
Example 2 - using relative URLs, suitable if:
* Your Q2A site: <a href="http://www.mysite.com/qa/" title="http://www.mysite.com/qa/">http://www.mysite.com/qa/</a>
* Your login page: <a href="http://www.mysite.com/login.php" title="http://www.mysite.com/login.php">http://www.mysite.com/login.php</a>
* Your register page: <a href="http://www.mysite.com/register.php" title="http://www.mysite.com/register.php">http://www.mysite.com/register.php</a>
* Your logout page: <a href="http://www.mysite.com/logout.php" title="http://www.mysite.com/logout.php">http://www.mysite.com/logout.php</a>
return array(
'login' => $relative_url_prefix.'../login.php',
'register' => $relative_url_prefix.'../register.php',
'logout' => $relative_url_prefix.'../logout.php',
);
*/
/*
Example 3 - using relative URLs, and implementing $redirect_back_to_url
In this example, your pages login.php, register.php and logout.php should read in the
parameter $_GET['redirect'], and redirect the user to the page specified by that
parameter once they have successfully logged in, registered or logged out.
return array(
'login' => $relative_url_prefix.'../login.php?redirect='.urlencode('qa/'.$redirect_back_to_url),
'register' => $relative_url_prefix.'../register.php?redirect='.urlencode('qa/'.$redirect_back_to_url),
'logout' => $relative_url_prefix.'../logout.php?redirect='.urlencode('qa/'.$redirect_back_to_url),
);
*/
}
function qa_get_logged_in_user()
/*
===========================================================================
YOU MUST MODIFY THIS FUNCTION, BUT CAN DO SO AFTER Q2A CREATES ITS DATABASE
===========================================================================
qa_get_logged_in_user()
You should check (using $_COOKIE, $_SESSION or whatever is appropriate) whether a user is
currently logged in. If not, return null. If so, return an array with the following elements:
* userid: a user id appropriate for your response to qa_get_mysql_user_column_type()
* publicusername: a user description you are willing to show publicly, e.g. the username
* email: the logged in user's email address
* level: one of the QA_USER_LEVEL_* values below to denote the user's privileges:
QA_USER_LEVEL_BASIC, QA_USER_LEVEL_EDITOR, QA_USER_LEVEL_ADMIN, QA_USER_LEVEL_SUPER
To indicate that the user is blocked you can also add an element 'blocked' with the value true.
Blocked users are not allowed to perform any write actions such as voting or posting.
The result of this function will be passed to your other function qa_get_logged_in_user_html()
so you may add any other elements to the returned array if they will be useful to you.
Call qa_db_connection() to get the connection to the Q2A database. If your database is shared with
Q2A, you can use this with PHP's MySQL functions such as mysql_query() to run queries.
In order to access the admin interface of your Q2A site, ensure that the array element 'level'
contains QA_USER_LEVEL_ADMIN or QA_USER_LEVEL_SUPER when you are logged in.
*/
{
// Until you edit this function, nobody is ever logged in
if ($_COOKIE) {
// $uid = $GLOBALS['user']->uid;
foreach ($_COOKIE as $key => $value) {
if(substr_compare($key, 'SESS', 0)>0){
$qa_db_connection=qa_db_connection();
$result=mysql_fetch_assoc(
mysql_query(
"SELECT uid, name, mail FROM users WHERE uid=". //, admin_flag
"(SELECT uid FROM sessions WHERE sid='".mysql_real_escape_string($_COOKIE[$key], $qa_db_connection)."')",
$qa_db_connection
)
);
if (is_array($result))
return array(
'userid' => $result['uid'],
'publicusername' => $result['name'],
'email' => $result['mail'],
'level' => $result['uid']==1 ? QA_USER_LEVEL_ADMIN : QA_USER_LEVEL_BASIC
);
}
}
}
return null;
/*
Example 1 - suitable if:
* You store the login state and user in a PHP session
* You use textual user identifiers that also serve as public usernames
* Your database is shared with the Q2A site
* Your database has a users table that contains emails
* The administrator has the user identifier 'admin'
session_start();
if ($_SESSION['is_logged_in']) {
$userid=$_SESSION['logged_in_userid'];
$qa_db_connection=qa_db_connection();
$result=mysql_fetch_assoc(
mysql_query(
"SELECT email FROM users WHERE userid='".mysql_real_escape_string($userid, $qa_db_connection)."'",
$qa_db_connection
)
);
if (is_array($result))
return array(
'userid' => $userid,
'publicusername' => $userid,
'email' => $result['email'],
'level' => ($userid=='admin') ? QA_USER_LEVEL_ADMIN : QA_USER_LEVEL_BASIC
);
}
return null;
*/
/*
Example 2 - suitable if:
* You store a session ID inside a cookie
* You use numerical user identifiers
* Your database is shared with the Q2A site
* Your database has a sessions table that maps session IDs to users
* Your database has a users table that contains usernames, emails and a flag for admin privileges
if ($_COOKIE['sessionid']) {
$qa_db_connection=qa_db_connection();
$result=mysql_fetch_assoc(
mysql_query(
"SELECT userid, username, email, admin_flag FROM users WHERE userid=".
"(SELECT userid FROM sessions WHERE sessionid='".mysql_real_escape_string($_COOKIE['session_id'], $qa_db_connection)."')",
$qa_db_connection
)
);
if (is_array($result))
return array(
'userid' => $result['userid'],
'publicusername' => $result['username'],
'email' => $result['email'],
'level' => $result['admin_flag'] ? QA_USER_LEVEL_ADMIN : QA_USER_LEVEL_BASIC
);
}
return null;
*/
}
function qa_get_user_email($userid)
/*
===========================================================================
YOU MUST MODIFY THIS FUNCTION, BUT CAN DO SO AFTER Q2A CREATES ITS DATABASE
===========================================================================
qa_get_user_email($userid)
Return the email address for user $userid, or null if you don't know it.
Call qa_db_connection() to get the connection to the Q2A database. If your database is shared with
Q2A, you can use this with PHP's MySQL functions such as mysql_query() to run queries.
*/
{
// Until you edit this function, always return null
// return null;
$qa_db_connection=qa_db_connection();
$result=mysql_fetch_assoc(
mysql_query(
"SELECT mail FROM users WHERE uid='".mysql_real_escape_string($userid, $qa_db_connection)."'",
$qa_db_connection
)
);
if (is_array($result))
return $result['mail'];
return null;
/*
Example 1 - suitable if:
* Your database is shared with the Q2A site
* Your database has a users table that contains emails
$qa_db_connection=qa_db_connection();
$result=mysql_fetch_assoc(
mysql_query(
"SELECT email FROM users WHERE userid='".mysql_real_escape_string($userid, $qa_db_connection)."'",
$qa_db_connection
)
);
if (is_array($result))
return $result['email'];
return null;
*/
}
function qa_get_userids_from_public($publicusernames)
/*
===========================================================================
YOU MUST MODIFY THIS FUNCTION, BUT CAN DO SO AFTER Q2A CREATES ITS DATABASE
===========================================================================
qa_get_userids_from_public($publicusernames)
You should take the array of public usernames in $publicusernames, and return an array which
maps valid usernames to internal user ids. For each element of this array, the username should be
in the key, with the corresponding user id in the value. If your usernames are case- or accent-
insensitive, keys should contain the usernames as stored, not necessarily as in $publicusernames.
Call qa_db_connection() to get the connection to the Q2A database. If your database is shared with
Q2A, you can use this with PHP's MySQL functions such as mysql_query() to run queries. If you
access this database or any other, try to use a single query instead of one per user.
*/
{
// Until you edit this function, always return null
// return null;
$publictouserid=array();
if (count($publicusernames)) {
$qa_db_connection=qa_db_connection();
$escapedusernames=array();
foreach ($publicusernames as $publicusername)
$escapedusernames[]="'".mysql_real_escape_string($publicusername, $qa_db_connection)."'";
$results=mysql_query(
'SELECT name, uid FROM users WHERE name IN ('.implode(',', $escapedusernames).')',
$qa_db_connection
);
while ($result=mysql_fetch_assoc($results))
$publictouserid[$result['name']]=$result['uid'];
}
return $publictouserid;
/*
Example 1 - suitable if:
* You use textual user identifiers that are also shown publicly
$publictouserid=array();
foreach ($publicusernames as $publicusername)
$publictouserid[$publicusername]=$publicusername;
return $publictouserid;
*/
/*
Example 2 - suitable if:
* You use numerical user identifiers
* Your database is shared with the Q2A site
* Your database has a users table that contains usernames
$publictouserid=array();
if (count($publicusernames)) {
$qa_db_connection=qa_db_connection();
$escapedusernames=array();
foreach ($publicusernames as $publicusername)
$escapedusernames[]="'".mysql_real_escape_string($publicusername, $qa_db_connection)."'";
$results=mysql_query(
'SELECT username, userid FROM users WHERE username IN ('.implode(',', $escapedusernames).')',
$qa_db_connection
);
while ($result=mysql_fetch_assoc($results))
$publictouserid[$result['username']]=$result['userid'];
}
return $publictouserid;
*/
}
function qa_get_public_from_userids($userids)
/*
===========================================================================
YOU MUST MODIFY THIS FUNCTION, BUT CAN DO SO AFTER Q2A CREATES ITS DATABASE
===========================================================================
qa_get_public_from_userids($userids)
This is exactly like qa_get_userids_from_public(), but works in the other direction.
You should take the array of user identifiers in $userids, and return an array which maps valid
userids to public usernames. For each element of this array, the userid you were given should
be in the key, with the corresponding username in the value.
Call qa_db_connection() to get the connection to the Q2A database. If your database is shared with
Q2A, you can use this with PHP's MySQL functions such as mysql_query() to run queries. If you
access this database or any other, try to use a single query instead of one per user.
*/
{
// Until you edit this function, always return null
// return null;
$useridtopublic=array();
if (count($userids)) {
$qa_db_connection=qa_db_connection();
$escapeduserids=array();
foreach ($userids as $userid)
$escapeduserids[]="'".mysql_real_escape_string($userid, $qa_db_connection)."'";
$results=mysql_query(
'SELECT name, uid FROM users WHERE uid IN ('.implode(',', $escapeduserids).')',
$qa_db_connection
);
while ($result=mysql_fetch_assoc($results))
$useridtopublic[$result['uid']]=$result['name'];
}
return $useridtopublic;
/*
Example 1 - suitable if:
* You use textual user identifiers that are also shown publicly
$useridtopublic=array();
foreach ($userids as $userid)
$useridtopublic[$userid]=$userid;
return $useridtopublic;
*/
/*
Example 2 - suitable if:
* You use numerical user identifiers
* Your database is shared with the Q2A site
* Your database has a users table that contains usernames
$useridtopublic=array();
if (count($userids)) {
$qa_db_connection=qa_db_connection();
$escapeduserids=array();
foreach ($userids as $userid)
$escapeduserids[]="'".mysql_real_escape_string($userid, $qa_db_connection)."'";
$results=mysql_query(
'SELECT username, userid FROM users WHERE userid IN ('.implode(',', $escapeduserids).')',
$qa_db_connection
);
while ($result=mysql_fetch_assoc($results))
$useridtopublic[$result['userid']]=$result['username'];
}
return $useridtopublic;
*/
}
function qa_get_logged_in_user_html($logged_in_user, $relative_url_prefix)
/*
==========================================================================
YOU MAY MODIFY THIS FUNCTION, BUT THE DEFAULT BELOW WILL WORK OK
==========================================================================
qa_get_logged_in_user_html($logged_in_user, $relative_url_prefix)
You should return HTML code which identifies the logged in user, to be displayed next to the
logout link on the Q2A pages. This HTML will only be shown to the logged in user themselves.
$logged_in_user is the array that you returned from qa_get_logged_in_user(). Hopefully this
contains enough information to generate the HTML without another database query, but if not,
call qa_db_connection() to get the connection to the Q2A database.
$relative_url_prefix is a relative URL to the root of the Q2A site, which may be useful if
you want to include a link that uses relative URLs. If the Q2A site is in a subdirectory of
your site, $relative_url_prefix.'../' refers to your site root (see example 1).
If you don't know what to display for a user, you can leave the default below. This will
show the public username, linked to the Q2A profile page for the user.
*/
{
// By default, show the public username linked to the Q2A profile page for the user
$publicusername=$logged_in_user['publicusername'];
return '<a href="'.htmlspecialchars($relative_url_prefix.'user/'.urlencode($publicusername)).
'" class="qa-user-link">'.htmlspecialchars($publicusername).'</a>';
/*
Example 1 - suitable if:
* Your Q2A site: <a href="http://www.mysite.com/qa/" title="http://www.mysite.com/qa/">http://www.mysite.com/qa/</a>
* Your user pages: http://www.mysite.com/user/[username]
$publicusername=$logged_in_user['publicusername'];
return '<a href="'.htmlspecialchars($relative_url_prefix.'../user/'.urlencode($publicusername)).
'" class="qa-user-link">'.htmlspecialchars($publicusername).'</a>';
*/
/*
Example 2 - suitable if:
* Your Q2A site: <a href="http://qa.mysite.com/" title="http://qa.mysite.com/">http://qa.mysite.com/</a>
* Your user pages: http://www.mysite.com/[username]/
* 16x16 user photos: http://www.mysite.com/[username]/photo-small.jpeg
$publicusername=$logged_in_user['publicusername'];
return '<a href="http://www.mysite.com/'.htmlspecialchars(urlencode($publicusername)).'/" class="qa-user-link">'.
'<img src="http://www.mysite.com/'.htmlspecialchars(urlencode($publicusername)).'/photo-small.jpeg" '.="" 'style="width:16px; height:16px; border:none; margin-right:4px;">'.htmlspecialchars($publicusername).'</a>';
*/
}
function qa_get_users_html($userids, $should_include_link, $relative_url_prefix)
/*
==========================================================================
YOU MAY MODIFY THIS FUNCTION, BUT THE DEFAULT BELOW WILL WORK OK
==========================================================================
qa_get_users_html($userids, $should_include_link, $relative_url_prefix)
You should return an array of HTML to display for each user in $userids. For each element of
this array, the userid should be in the key, with the corresponding HTML in the value.
Call qa_db_connection() to get the connection to the Q2A database. If your database is shared with
Q2A, you can use this with PHP's MySQL functions such as mysql_query() to run queries. If you
access this database or any other, try to use a single query instead of one per user.
If $should_include_link is true, the HTML may include links to user profile pages.
If $should_include_link is false, links should not be included in the HTML.
$relative_url_prefix is a relative URL to the root of the Q2A site, which may be useful if
you want to include links that uses relative URLs. If the Q2A site is in a subdirectory of
your site, $relative_url_prefix.'../' refers to your site root (see example 1).
If you don't know what to display for a user, you can leave the default below. This will
show the public username, linked to the Q2A profile page for each user.
*/
{
// By default, show the public username linked to the Q2A profile page for each user
$useridtopublic=qa_get_public_from_userids($userids);
$usershtml=array();
foreach ($userids as $userid) {
$publicusername=$useridtopublic[$userid];
$usershtml[$userid]=htmlspecialchars($publicusername);
if ($should_include_link)
$usershtml[$userid]='<a href="'.htmlspecialchars($relative_url_prefix.'user/'.urlencode($publicusername)).
'" class="qa-user-link">'.$usershtml[$userid].'</a>';
}
return $usershtml;
/*
Example 1 - suitable if:
* Your Q2A site: <a href="http://www.mysite.com/qa/" title="http://www.mysite.com/qa/">http://www.mysite.com/qa/</a>
* Your user pages: http://www.mysite.com/user/[username]
$useridtopublic=qa_get_public_from_userids($userids);
foreach ($userids as $userid) {
$publicusername=$useridtopublic[$userid];
$usershtml[$userid]=htmlspecialchars($publicusername);
if ($should_include_link)
$usershtml[$userid]='<a href="'.htmlspecialchars($relative_url_prefix.'../user/'.urlencode($publicusername)).
'" class="qa-user-link">'.$usershtml[$userid].'</a>';
}
return $usershtml;
*/
/*
Example 2 - suitable if:
* Your Q2A site: <a href="http://qa.mysite.com/" title="http://qa.mysite.com/">http://qa.mysite.com/</a>
* Your user pages: http://www.mysite.com/[username]/
* User photos (16x16): http://www.mysite.com/[username]/photo-small.jpeg
$useridtopublic=qa_get_public_from_userids($userids);
foreach ($userids as $userid) {
$publicusername=$useridtopublic[$userid];
$usershtml[$userid]='<img src="http://www.mysite.com/'.htmlspecialchars(urlencode($publicusername)).'/photo-small.jpeg" '.="" 'style="width:16px; height:16px; border:0; margin-right:4px;">'.htmlspecialchars($publicusername);
if ($should_include_link)
$usershtml[$userid]='<a href="http://www.mysite.com/'.htmlspecialchars(urlencode($publicusername)).
'/" class="qa-user-link">'.$usershtml[$userid].'</a>';
}
return $usershtml;
*/
}
function qa_user_report_action($userid, $action)
/*
==========================================================================
YOU MAY MODIFY THIS FUNCTION, BUT THE DEFAULT BELOW WILL WORK OK
==========================================================================
qa_user_report_action($userid, $action)
Informs you about an action by user $userid that modified the database, such as posting,
voting, etc... If you wish, you may use this to log user activity or monitor for abuse.
Call qa_db_connection() to get the connection to the Q2A database. If your database is shared with
Q2A, you can use this with PHP's MySQL functions such as mysql_query() to run queries.
$action will be a string (such as 'q_edit') describing the action. These strings will match the
first $event parameter passed to the process_event(...) function in event modules. In fact, you might
be better off just using a plugin with an event module instead, since you'll get more information.
FYI, you can get the IP address of the user from qa_remote_ip_address().
*/
{
// do nothing by default
print_r($userid);
print_r($action);
}
/*
Omit PHP closing tag to help avoid accidental output
*/