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SSL/TLS Cipher Suites

news 来源：原创 2024/4/28 6:57:52

Cipher Suite

一个加密算法套件（CipherSuite）是一个四件套，由各类基础的加密算法组成，主要包含了四类：

Key Exchange 密钥交换算法；
Authentication 身份认证算法；
Encryption 对称加密算法；
Message Authentication Code 消息认证码算法（信息摘要缩放）；

密钥交换算法

顾名思义，该算法用来交换秘钥。

SSL 通信过程（握手结束后）中，双方使用的是对称加密的方式。由于通信双方以前并不知道彼此的存在，它们也不可能预先存储相同的加密秘钥，那么应当怎么做呢？答案是在 SSL 通信的握手阶段，使用秘钥交换算法使双方使用的秘钥保持一致。

常用的密钥交换算法有RSA、Diffie-Hellman密钥交换、ECDH（Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman）、SRP（安全远程密码）、由TLS 1.2支持密钥交换算法PSK（Pre Shared Key）。

身份验证算法

身份验证又称“验证”、“鉴权”，是指通过一定的手段，完成对用户身份的确认。常用算法有 RSA、ECDSA、DSS

对称加密算法

对称加密（也叫私钥加密）指加密和解密使用相同密钥的加密算法。常用算法有 AES、DES、3DES。

信息摘要算法

根据某种运算规则对信息进行提取某种形式的提取，提取出来的数据就是摘要。主要用于验证信息的完整性。常用算法有 MD5、SHA-1。

举例说明

比如加密套件为：TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA1

TLS：通信协议

ECDHE：秘钥交换算法

ECDSA：身份验证算法

AES_128_CBC：通信时使用的对称加密算法

SHA1：信息摘要算法

SSL/TLS Cipher Suites 对照表

openssl ciphers -V | column -t

0x00,0x2F  -  AES128-SHA                     SSLv3    Kx=RSA       Au=RSA    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA1
0x00,0x33  -  DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA             SSLv3    Kx=DH        Au=RSA    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA1
0x00,0x35  -  AES256-SHA                     SSLv3    Kx=RSA       Au=RSA    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA1
0x00,0x39  -  DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA             SSLv3    Kx=DH        Au=RSA    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA1
0x00,0x8C  -  PSK-AES128-CBC-SHA             SSLv3    Kx=PSK       Au=PSK    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA1
0x00,0x8D  -  PSK-AES256-CBC-SHA             SSLv3    Kx=PSK       Au=PSK    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA1
0x00,0x90  -  DHE-PSK-AES128-CBC-SHA         SSLv3    Kx=DHEPSK    Au=PSK    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA1
0x00,0x91  -  DHE-PSK-AES256-CBC-SHA         SSLv3    Kx=DHEPSK    Au=PSK    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA1
0x00,0x94  -  RSA-PSK-AES128-CBC-SHA         SSLv3    Kx=RSAPSK    Au=RSA    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA1
0x00,0x95  -  RSA-PSK-AES256-CBC-SHA         SSLv3    Kx=RSAPSK    Au=RSA    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA1
0xC0,0x1D  -  SRP-AES-128-CBC-SHA            SSLv3    Kx=SRP       Au=SRP    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA1
0xC0,0x1E  -  SRP-RSA-AES-128-CBC-SHA        SSLv3    Kx=SRP       Au=RSA    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA1
0xC0,0x20  -  SRP-AES-256-CBC-SHA            SSLv3    Kx=SRP       Au=SRP    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA1
0xC0,0x21  -  SRP-RSA-AES-256-CBC-SHA        SSLv3    Kx=SRP       Au=RSA    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA1

0x00,0xAE  -  PSK-AES128-CBC-SHA256          TLSv1    Kx=PSK       Au=PSK    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA256
0x00,0xAF  -  PSK-AES256-CBC-SHA384          TLSv1    Kx=PSK       Au=PSK    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA384
0x00,0xB2  -  DHE-PSK-AES128-CBC-SHA256      TLSv1    Kx=DHEPSK    Au=PSK    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA256
0x00,0xB3  -  DHE-PSK-AES256-CBC-SHA384      TLSv1    Kx=DHEPSK    Au=PSK    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA384
0x00,0xB6  -  RSA-PSK-AES128-CBC-SHA256      TLSv1    Kx=RSAPSK    Au=RSA    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA256
0x00,0xB7  -  RSA-PSK-AES256-CBC-SHA384      TLSv1    Kx=RSAPSK    Au=RSA    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA384
0xC0,0x09  -  ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA         TLSv1    Kx=ECDH      Au=ECDSA  Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA1
0xC0,0x0A  -  ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA         TLSv1    Kx=ECDH      Au=ECDSA  Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA1
0xC0,0x13  -  ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA           TLSv1    Kx=ECDH      Au=RSA    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA1
0xC0,0x14  -  ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA           TLSv1    Kx=ECDH      Au=RSA    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA1
0xC0,0x35  -  ECDHE-PSK-AES128-CBC-SHA       TLSv1    Kx=ECDHEPSK  Au=PSK    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA1
0xC0,0x36  -  ECDHE-PSK-AES256-CBC-SHA       TLSv1    Kx=ECDHEPSK  Au=PSK    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA1
0xC0,0x37  -  ECDHE-PSK-AES128-CBC-SHA256    TLSv1    Kx=ECDHEPSK  Au=PSK    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA256
0xC0,0x38  -  ECDHE-PSK-AES256-CBC-SHA384    TLSv1    Kx=ECDHEPSK  Au=PSK    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA384

0x00,0x3C  -  AES128-SHA256                  TLSv1.2  Kx=RSA       Au=RSA    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA256
0x00,0x3D  -  AES256-SHA256                  TLSv1.2  Kx=RSA       Au=RSA    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA256
0x00,0x67  -  DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256          TLSv1.2  Kx=DH        Au=RSA    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA256
0x00,0x6B  -  DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256          TLSv1.2  Kx=DH        Au=RSA    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA256
0x00,0x9C  -  AES128-GCM-SHA256              TLSv1.2  Kx=RSA       Au=RSA    Enc=AESGCM(128)             Mac=AEAD
0x00,0x9D  -  AES256-GCM-SHA384              TLSv1.2  Kx=RSA       Au=RSA    Enc=AESGCM(256)             Mac=AEAD
0x00,0x9E  -  DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256      TLSv1.2  Kx=DH        Au=RSA    Enc=AESGCM(128)             Mac=AEAD
0x00,0x9F  -  DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384      TLSv1.2  Kx=DH        Au=RSA    Enc=AESGCM(256)             Mac=AEAD
0x00,0xA8  -  PSK-AES128-GCM-SHA256          TLSv1.2  Kx=PSK       Au=PSK    Enc=AESGCM(128)             Mac=AEAD
0x00,0xA9  -  PSK-AES256-GCM-SHA384          TLSv1.2  Kx=PSK       Au=PSK    Enc=AESGCM(256)             Mac=AEAD
0x00,0xAA  -  DHE-PSK-AES128-GCM-SHA256      TLSv1.2  Kx=DHEPSK    Au=PSK    Enc=AESGCM(128)             Mac=AEAD
0x00,0xAB  -  DHE-PSK-AES256-GCM-SHA384      TLSv1.2  Kx=DHEPSK    Au=PSK    Enc=AESGCM(256)             Mac=AEAD
0x00,0xAC  -  RSA-PSK-AES128-GCM-SHA256      TLSv1.2  Kx=RSAPSK    Au=RSA    Enc=AESGCM(128)             Mac=AEAD
0x00,0xAD  -  RSA-PSK-AES256-GCM-SHA384      TLSv1.2  Kx=RSAPSK    Au=RSA    Enc=AESGCM(256)             Mac=AEAD
0xC0,0x23  -  ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256      TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH      Au=ECDSA  Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA256
0xC0,0x24  -  ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384      TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH      Au=ECDSA  Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA384
0xC0,0x27  -  ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256        TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH      Au=RSA    Enc=AES(128)                Mac=SHA256
0xC0,0x28  -  ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384        TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH      Au=RSA    Enc=AES(256)                Mac=SHA384
0xC0,0x2B  -  ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256  TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH      Au=ECDSA  Enc=AESGCM(128)             Mac=AEAD
0xC0,0x2C  -  ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384  TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH      Au=ECDSA  Enc=AESGCM(256)             Mac=AEAD
0xC0,0x2F  -  ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256    TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH      Au=RSA    Enc=AESGCM(128)             Mac=AEAD
0xC0,0x30  -  ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384    TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH      Au=RSA    Enc=AESGCM(256)             Mac=AEAD
0xCC,0xA8  -  ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305    TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH      Au=RSA    Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256)  Mac=AEAD
0xCC,0xA9  -  ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305  TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDH      Au=ECDSA  Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256)  Mac=AEAD
0xCC,0xAA  -  DHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305      TLSv1.2  Kx=DH        Au=RSA    Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256)  Mac=AEAD
0xCC,0xAB  -  PSK-CHACHA20-POLY1305          TLSv1.2  Kx=PSK       Au=PSK    Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256)  Mac=AEAD
0xCC,0xAC  -  ECDHE-PSK-CHACHA20-POLY1305    TLSv1.2  Kx=ECDHEPSK  Au=PSK    Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256)  Mac=AEAD
0xCC,0xAD  -  DHE-PSK-CHACHA20-POLY1305      TLSv1.2  Kx=DHEPSK    Au=PSK    Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256)  Mac=AEAD
0xCC,0xAE  -  RSA-PSK-CHACHA20-POLY1305      TLSv1.2  Kx=RSAPSK    Au=RSA    Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256)  Mac=AEAD

0x13,0x01  -  TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256         TLSv1.3  Kx=any       Au=any    Enc=AESGCM(128)             Mac=AEAD
0x13,0x02  -  TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384         TLSv1.3  Kx=any       Au=any    Enc=AESGCM(256)             Mac=AEAD
0x13,0x03  -  TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256   TLSv1.3  Kx=any       Au=any    Enc=CHACHA20/POLY1305(256)  Mac=AEAD

其中: