类模板定义+用类模板写一个入栈出栈的程序
类模板和函数模板定义类似，都可以看成由模板头和模板体两部分组成。类模板体是一个完整的类。
template<typename 形参名1， template 形参名2,……>
class 类名
{
// …
}；
例子：用模板类写一个入栈出栈的程序
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template <typename T, unsignedint N>
class Stack
{
private:
unsignedint index;
T a[N];
public:
Stack():index(){ }
boolpush(const T &value);
T&pop();
boolfull(){ return index == N; }
boolempty(){ return (index == 0); }
unsignedint size(){ return index; }
unsignedint capacity(){ return N; }
};
template <typename T, unsigned int N>
bool Stack < T, N > ::push(const T &value) //特别注意, 在外部编写成员函数时，类名后面指明类型时候只需要类型名，不需要typename关键字！
{
if((index <= N - 1) && (index >= 0))
{
a[index++]= value;
returntrue;
}
else
{
returnfalse;
}
}
template <typename T, unsigned int N>
T& Stack < T, N > ::pop()
{
returna[--index];
}
int main()
{
Stack<int, 6> a;//在定义对象的时候也要<>用于指定参数名的数据类型
inti = 10;
cout<< "Push Stack......" << endl;
while(!a.full())
{
cout<< "Push " << i << " to Stack" <<endl;
a.push(i++);
}
cout<< endl;
cout<< "Stack data depths: " << a.size() << endl;
cout<< "Stack capacity depths " << a.capacity() <<endl;
cout<< "Pop Stack......" << endl;
while(!a.empty())
{
cout<< "Pop " << a.pop() << "from Stack"<< endl;
}
cout<< endl;
cout<< "Stack data depths: " << a.size() << endl;
cout<< "Stack capacity depths " << a.capacity() <<endl;
system("pause");
return0;
}