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MySQL 实战笔记第01期：MySQL 角色管理

news 来源：原创 2024/5/4 6:09:59

作者简介

无为，多年 MySQL DBA 工作经验，现就职于某知名互联网公司，对 MySQL、 Redis、PostgrepSQL 等主流数据库有一定了解，拥有丰富的一线运维经验。

角色 ( Role ) 可以用来批量管理用户，同一个角色下的用户，拥有相同的权限。那 MySQL 数据库是否也有这样的功能呢？

答案是肯定的。MySQL 5.7.X 可以通过 mysql.proxies_priv 来模拟角色 (Role) 的功能。下面让我们来实验一下（测试的版本 MySQL 5.7.28）：

1 配置 proxy

mysql> show variables like "%proxy%"; #查看当前proxy是否开启，OFF 表示没有开启
+-----------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name                     | Value |
+-----------------------------------+-------+
| check_proxy_users                 | OFF   |
| mysql_native_password_proxy_users | OFF   |
| proxy_user                        |       |
| sha256_password_proxy_users       | OFF   |
+-----------------------------------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.02 sec)


mysql> set global check_proxy_users =on;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


mysql> set global mysql_native_password_proxy_users = on;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)


mysql> exit

以上设置参数，对当前会话无效，需要退出后重新登录，或直接设置到 my.cnf 中去；

2 创建角色和用户

mysql>  create user role_dba;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.03 sec)


mysql> create user 'jack';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)


mysql> create user 'mary';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

用户为设置密码，如需密码可以使用 identified by '####' 设置；

3 权限映射

将 role_dba 的权限映射（ map ）到 jack 、mary

mysql> grant proxy on role_dba to jack;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)


mysql> grant proxy on role_dba to mary;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

4 给用户赋权

给 role_dba 赋权（模拟 role 赋权）

mysql> grant select on *.* to role_dba;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)


mysql> show grants for role_dba;
+---------------------------------------+
| Grants for role_dba@%                 |
+---------------------------------------+
| GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'role_dba'@'%' |
+---------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> show grants for jack;
+---------------------------------------------+
| Grants for jack@%                           |
+---------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'jack'@'%'            |
| GRANT PROXY ON 'role_dba'@'%' TO 'jack'@'%' |
+---------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> show grants for mary;
+---------------------------------------------+
| Grants for mary@%                           |
+---------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'mary'@'%'            |
| GRANT PROXY ON 'role_dba'@'%' TO 'mary'@'%' |
+---------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5 查看 mysql.proxies_priv

mysql> select * from mysql.proxies_priv;
+-----------+------+--------------+--------------+------------+----------------------+---------------------+
| Host      | User | Proxied_host | Proxied_user | With_grant | Grantor              | Timestamp           |
+-----------+------+--------------+--------------+------------+----------------------+---------------------+
| localhost | root |              |              |          1 | boot@connecting host | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| %         | will | %            | will_dba     |          0 | root@localhost       | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| %         | tom  | %            | will_dba     |          0 | root@localhost       | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| %         | jack | %            | role_dba     |          0 | root@localhost       | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| %         | mary | %            | role_dba     |          0 | root@localhost       | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
+-----------+------+--------------+--------------+------------+----------------------+---------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

6 验证

$ mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -u jack 


Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.


Your MySQL connection id is 249


Server version: 5.7.28-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)


Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.


Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its


affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective


owners.


Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.


mysql> select * from test.ssd limit 1;


+---+------+------+


| a | b  | c  |


+---+------+------+


| 1 | NULL | NULL |


+---+------+------+


1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql.proxies_priv 仅仅是对 Role 的模拟，和 Oracle 的角色还是有所不同的；官方称呼为 Role like。

MySQL 8.0 正式增加了 role 功能，有兴趣的同学可以自行了解。

MySQL 5.6.X 模拟 Role 功能需要安装插件，具体方法可参考：

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/proxy-users.html

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/pluggable-authentication.html

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