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ubuntu 自动挂载共享文件夹 /etc/fstab_使用 Cobbler 批量自动化部署 Windows 10 和 Windows Server 2019...

news 来源：原创 2024/5/19 16:11:56

在「使用 Cobbler 批量自动化部署 CentOS / Ubuntu」一文中，我们讲解了如何自动化部署 CentOS / Ubuntu。本文就来讲一讲如何通过 CentOS 7.6 Minimal + Cobbler 自动化安装 Windows 10 和 Windows Server 2019。

注意：一般安装 Windows 是用 MDT 或者 WDS 居多，毕竟是巨硬自己家的，而且 WDT 还支持分布式镜像传输(主要是巨硬家的 OS，动辄超过 4G，万兆网卡也会卡啊)。本文不涉及到 WDT 或者 WDS 相关操作，感兴趣的可自行搜索。

准备

Windows ADK (http://t.cn/EXe4cME)

a.) 下载 Download the Windows ADK for Windows 10, version 1809(http://t.cn/EXe4nlb)
b.) 下载Download the Windows PE add-on for the ADK(http://t.cn/EXeG99D)

下载 Windows 10 和 Windows Server 2019 (http://t.cn/hViIm)

a.) Windows 10 (business edition), version 1809 (Updated Feb 2019) (x64) - DVD (Chinese-Simplified)

b.) Windows Server 2019 (x64) - DVD (Chinese-Simplified)

注意，ADK 的两个都要下载，这俩都是引导包，真正的安装程序会由这俩软件进行下载。其中 WinPE 需要用到 5G 左右的磁盘空间，简直不能忍受。。。

MSDN I Tell U 堪称良心站，是 Windows 装机神站啊，不过，没有直达页面挺不爽。为了防止下错，特意截图。

安装 ADK 和 WinPE

我已经装过，且忘记截图了，这是事后补图，只需要勾选必须的就行

安装完后，以管理员身份打开部署和映像工具环境。

定制 Win 10 PE

copype amd64 C:\winpeDism /mount-image /imagefile:C:\winpe\media\sources\boot.wim /index:1 /mountdir:C:\winpe\mountecho net use z: \\192.168.0.253\share >> C:\winpe\mount\Windows\System32\startnet.cmdecho z:\win\setup.exe /unattend:z:\win\win10_x64_bios_auto.xml >> C:\winpe\mount\Windows\System32\startnet.cmdDism /unmount-image /mountdir:C:\winpe\mount /commitMakeWinPEMedia /ISO C:\winpe C:\winpe\winpe_win10_amd64.iso

本地生成 Winpe 文件目录
Dism 挂载 Winpe 的启动文件到 Winpe的 Mount 目录。
将启动命令硬编码写死到 Winpe 的 startnet.cmd 文件里。
无人值守安装。
卸载 Winpe 的挂载(一定要执行，否则直接强制删除文件夹会出一些稀奇古怪的问题)。
制作 Win10 镜像，名为 winpe_win10_amd64.iso。

第三步的硬编码是无奈之举，因为要想挂载共享文件夹，必须要知道 SMB 主机，但是这个参数又很难传递进来。

如果是 U 盘启动，可以写死 U 盘路径，大不了插上U盘后，手动改卷标 (当然因为 U 盘挂载顺序不一致，可以通过 for 循环 A-Z 盘，挨个盘访问某个文件名，如果存在，即认为此盘是自己 U 盘，设置环境变量)。而网上说的，startnet.cmd 调用另外一个bat，多是基于这个原理。

而如果 PXE 要达到跟上述要求，动态设置 SMB 主机，要么写死域名，然后劫持或者配置域名，加上 BAT 文件，在 Winpe 启动时，通过 startnet.cmd 下载并执行。要么找办法，看看能不能在启动时，传入参数(目前我还没找到)，当然还可以用 MDT 方案，看着比 PXE+无人应答文件简单很多。

配置 Cobbler Server

导入Cobbler

使用 WinScp 等工具，将 winpe_win10_amd64.iso 上传到 Cobbler 服务器上。

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro add --name=windows_10_x64 --kernel=/var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk --initrd=/root/winpe_win10_amd64.iso --kopts="raw iso"[root@localhost ~]# touch /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/winpe.xml[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile add --name=windows_10_x64 --distro=windows_10_x64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/winpe.xml

创建自动应答文件

直接从 Windows Answer File Generator (http://t.cn/EXgGYFf) 通过简单配置后，下载即可(只支持简单操作，比如，装系统，格式化磁盘，设置密码等)。当然也可以使用【Windows系统映像管理器】，不过挺难用的，具体用法可以参考 How to create an unattended installation of Windows 10。也可以通过 MDT 简化操作。

但是如果使用直接生成的，有点问题，即使页面设置了安装语言，但是仍旧需要手动选择，经过多方研究发现主要卡在 UILanguage 和 Inputlocale 上，全写 zh-CN 无效。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><component 此处忽略>  <SetupUILanguage>    <UILanguage>en-USUILanguage>  SetupUILanguage>  <InputLocale>0804:{81D4E9C9-1D3B-41BC-9E6C-4B40BF79E35E}{FA550B04-5AD7-411f-A5AC-CA038EC515D7}InputLocale>   <SystemLocale>zh-CNSystemLocale>  <UILanguage>zh-CNUILanguage>  <UILanguageFallback>zh-CNUILanguageFallback>  <UserLocale>zh-CNUserLocale>component>

另外就是安装密钥，统一替换为 VK7JG-NPHTM-C97JM-9MPGT-3V66T

下面是我的应答文件，仅做参考。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><unattend    xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:unattend">    <settings pass="windowsPE">        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-International-Core-WinPE" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">            <SetupUILanguage>                <UILanguage>en-USUILanguage>            SetupUILanguage>            <InputLocale>0804:{81D4E9C9-1D3B-41BC-9E6C-4B40BF79E35E}{FA550B04-5AD7-411f-A5AC-CA038EC515D7}InputLocale>            <SystemLocale>zh-CNSystemLocale>            <UILanguage>zh-CNUILanguage>            <UILanguageFallback>zh-CNUILanguageFallback>            <UserLocale>zh-CNUserLocale>        component>        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-International-Core-WinPE" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">            <SetupUILanguage>                <UILanguage>en-USUILanguage>            SetupUILanguage>            <InputLocale>0804:{81D4E9C9-1D3B-41BC-9E6C-4B40BF79E35E}{FA550B04-5AD7-411f-A5AC-CA038EC515D7}InputLocale>            <SystemLocale>zh-CNSystemLocale>            <UILanguage>zh-CNUILanguage>            <UILanguageFallback>zh-CNUILanguageFallback>            <UserLocale>zh-CNUserLocale>        component>        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Setup" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">            <DiskConfiguration>                <Disk wcm:action="add">                    <CreatePartitions>                        <CreatePartition wcm:action="add">                            <Order>1Order>                            <Type>PrimaryType>                            <Size>100Size>                        CreatePartition>                        <CreatePartition wcm:action="add">                            <Extend>trueExtend>                            <Order>2Order>                            <Type>PrimaryType>                        CreatePartition>                    CreatePartitions>                    <ModifyPartitions>                        <ModifyPartition wcm:action="add">                            <Active>trueActive>                            <Format>NTFSFormat>                            <Label>System ReservedLabel>                            <Order>1Order>                            <PartitionID>1PartitionID>                            <TypeID>0x27TypeID>                        ModifyPartition>                        <ModifyPartition wcm:action="add">                            <Active>trueActive>                            <Format>NTFSFormat>                            <Label>OSLabel>                            <Letter>CLetter>                            <Order>2Order>                            <PartitionID>2PartitionID>                        ModifyPartition>                    ModifyPartitions>                    <DiskID>0DiskID>                    <WillWipeDisk>trueWillWipeDisk>                Disk>            DiskConfiguration>            <ImageInstall>                <OSImage>                    <InstallTo>                        <DiskID>0DiskID>                        <PartitionID>2PartitionID>                    InstallTo>                    <InstallToAvailablePartition>falseInstallToAvailablePartition>                OSImage>            ImageInstall>            <UserData>                <AcceptEula>trueAcceptEula>                <FullName>AnJiaFullName>                <Organization>AnJiaOrganization>                <ProductKey>                    <Key>VK7JG-NPHTM-C97JM-9MPGT-3V66TKey>                ProductKey>            UserData>        component>        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">            <DiskConfiguration>                <Disk wcm:action="add">                    <CreatePartitions>                        <CreatePartition wcm:action="add">                            <Order>1Order>                            <Type>PrimaryType>                            <Size>100Size>                        CreatePartition>                        <CreatePartition wcm:action="add">                            <Extend>trueExtend>                            <Order>2Order>                            <Type>PrimaryType>                        CreatePartition>                    CreatePartitions>                    <ModifyPartitions>                        <ModifyPartition wcm:action="add">                            <Active>trueActive>                            <Format>NTFSFormat>                            <Label>System ReservedLabel>                            <Order>1Order>                            <PartitionID>1PartitionID>                            <TypeID>0x27TypeID>                        ModifyPartition>                        <ModifyPartition wcm:action="add">                            <Active>trueActive>                            <Format>NTFSFormat>                            <Label>OSLabel>                            <Letter>CLetter>                            <Order>2Order>                            <PartitionID>2PartitionID>                        ModifyPartition>                    ModifyPartitions>                    <DiskID>0DiskID>                    <WillWipeDisk>trueWillWipeDisk>                Disk>            DiskConfiguration>            <ImageInstall>                <OSImage>                    <InstallTo>                        <DiskID>0DiskID>                        <PartitionID>2PartitionID>                    InstallTo>                    <InstallToAvailablePartition>falseInstallToAvailablePartition>                OSImage>            ImageInstall>            <UserData>                <AcceptEula>trueAcceptEula>                <FullName>AnJiaFullName>                <Organization>AnJiaOrganization>                <ProductKey>                    <Key>VK7JG-NPHTM-C97JM-9MPGT-3V66TKey>                ProductKey>            UserData>        component>    settings>    <settings pass="offlineServicing">        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-LUA-Settings" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">            <EnableLUA>falseEnableLUA>        component>    settings>    <settings pass="offlineServicing">        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-LUA-Settings" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">            <EnableLUA>falseEnableLUA>        component>    settings>    <settings pass="generalize">        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Security-SPP" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">            <SkipRearm>1SkipRearm>        component>    settings>    <settings pass="generalize">        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Security-SPP" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">            <SkipRearm>1SkipRearm>        component>    settings>    <settings pass="specialize">        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-International-Core" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">            <InputLocale>0804:{81D4E9C9-1D3B-41BC-9E6C-4B40BF79E35E}{FA550B04-5AD7-411f-A5AC-CA038EC515D7}InputLocale>            <SystemLocale>zh-CNSystemLocale>            <UILanguage>zh-CNUILanguage>            <UILanguageFallback>zh-CNUILanguageFallback>            <UserLocale>zh-CNUserLocale>        component>        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-International-Core" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">            <InputLocale>0804:{81D4E9C9-1D3B-41BC-9E6C-4B40BF79E35E}{FA550B04-5AD7-411f-A5AC-CA038EC515D7}InputLocale>            <SystemLocale>zh-CNSystemLocale>            <UILanguage>zh-CNUILanguage>            <UILanguageFallback>zh-CNUILanguageFallback>            <UserLocale>zh-CNUserLocale>        component>        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Security-SPP-UX" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">            <SkipAutoActivation>trueSkipAutoActivation>        component>        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Security-SPP-UX" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">            <SkipAutoActivation>trueSkipAutoActivation>        component>        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-SQMApi" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">            <CEIPEnabled>0CEIPEnabled>        component>        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-SQMApi" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">            <CEIPEnabled>0CEIPEnabled>        component>        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">            <ComputerName>AnJia-PCComputerName>            <ProductKey>VK7JG-NPHTM-C97JM-9MPGT-3V66TProductKey>        component>        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">            <ComputerName>AnJia-PCComputerName>            <ProductKey>VK7JG-NPHTM-C97JM-9MPGT-3V66TProductKey>        component>    settings>    <settings pass="oobeSystem">        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="x86" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">            <AutoLogon>                <Password>                    <Value>Value>                    <PlainText>truePlainText>                Password>                <Enabled>trueEnabled>                <Username>AnJiaUsername>            AutoLogon>            <OOBE>                <HideEULAPage>trueHideEULAPage>                <HideOEMRegistrationScreen>trueHideOEMRegistrationScreen>                <HideOnlineAccountScreens>trueHideOnlineAccountScreens>                <HideWirelessSetupInOOBE>trueHideWirelessSetupInOOBE>                <NetworkLocation>WorkNetworkLocation>                <SkipUserOOBE>trueSkipUserOOBE>                <SkipMachineOOBE>trueSkipMachineOOBE>                <ProtectYourPC>1ProtectYourPC>            OOBE>            <UserAccounts>                <LocalAccounts>                    <LocalAccount wcm:action="add">                        <Password>                            <Value>Value>                            <PlainText>truePlainText>                        Password>                        <Description>AnJiaDescription>                        <DisplayName>AnJiaDisplayName>                        <Group>AdministratorsGroup>                        <Name>AnJiaName>                    LocalAccount>                LocalAccounts>            UserAccounts>            <RegisteredOrganization>AnJiaRegisteredOrganization>            <RegisteredOwner>AnJiaRegisteredOwner>            <DisableAutoDaylightTimeSet>falseDisableAutoDaylightTimeSet>            <FirstLogonCommands>                <SynchronousCommand wcm:action="add">                    <Description>Control Panel ViewDescription>                    <Order>1Order>                    <CommandLine>reg add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\ControlPanel" /v StartupPage /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /fCommandLine>                    <RequiresUserInput>trueRequiresUserInput>                SynchronousCommand>                <SynchronousCommand wcm:action="add">                    <Order>2Order>                    <Description>Control Panel Icon SizeDescription>                    <RequiresUserInput>falseRequiresUserInput>                    <CommandLine>reg add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\ControlPanel" /v AllItemsIconView /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /fCommandLine>                SynchronousCommand>                <SynchronousCommand wcm:action="add">                    <Order>3Order>                    <RequiresUserInput>falseRequiresUserInput>                    <CommandLine>cmd /C wmic useraccount where name="AnJia" set PasswordExpires=falseCommandLine>                    <Description>Password Never ExpiresDescription>                SynchronousCommand>            FirstLogonCommands>            <TimeZone>China Standard TimeTimeZone>        component>        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">            <AutoLogon>                <Password>                    <Value>Value>                    <PlainText>truePlainText>                Password>                <Enabled>trueEnabled>                <Username>AnJiaUsername>            AutoLogon>            <OOBE>                <HideEULAPage>trueHideEULAPage>                <HideOEMRegistrationScreen>trueHideOEMRegistrationScreen>                <HideOnlineAccountScreens>trueHideOnlineAccountScreens>                <HideWirelessSetupInOOBE>trueHideWirelessSetupInOOBE>                <NetworkLocation>WorkNetworkLocation>                <SkipUserOOBE>trueSkipUserOOBE>                <SkipMachineOOBE>trueSkipMachineOOBE>                <ProtectYourPC>1ProtectYourPC>            OOBE>            <UserAccounts>                <LocalAccounts>                    <LocalAccount wcm:action="add">                        <Password>                            <Value>Value>                            <PlainText>truePlainText>                        Password>                        <Description>AnJiaDescription>                        <DisplayName>AnJiaDisplayName>                        <Group>AdministratorsGroup>                        <Name>AnJiaName>                    LocalAccount>                LocalAccounts>            UserAccounts>            <RegisteredOrganization>AnJiaRegisteredOrganization>            <RegisteredOwner>AnJiaRegisteredOwner>            <DisableAutoDaylightTimeSet>falseDisableAutoDaylightTimeSet>            <FirstLogonCommands>                <SynchronousCommand wcm:action="add">                    <Description>Control Panel ViewDescription>                    <Order>1Order>                    <CommandLine>reg add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\ControlPanel" /v StartupPage /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /fCommandLine>                    <RequiresUserInput>trueRequiresUserInput>                SynchronousCommand>                <SynchronousCommand wcm:action="add">                    <Order>2Order>                    <Description>Control Panel Icon SizeDescription>                    <RequiresUserInput>falseRequiresUserInput>                    <CommandLine>reg add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\ControlPanel" /v AllItemsIconView /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /fCommandLine>                SynchronousCommand>                <SynchronousCommand wcm:action="add">                    <Order>3Order>                    <RequiresUserInput>falseRequiresUserInput>                    <CommandLine>cmd /C wmic useraccount where name="AnJia" set PasswordExpires=falseCommandLine>                    <Description>Password Never ExpiresDescription>                SynchronousCommand>            FirstLogonCommands>            <TimeZone>China Standard TimeTimeZone>        component>    settings>unattend>

配置 Samba

在 Cobbler 上执行

安装 Samba

[root@localhost ~]# yum install samba -y

修改 SMB CONFIG

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/samba/smb.conf # /etc/samba/smb.conf[global]log file = /var/log/samba/log.%mmax log size = 5000security = userguest account = nobodymap to guest = Bad Userload printers = yescups options = raw [share]comment = share directory目录path = /smb/directory mask = 0755create mask = 0755guest ok=yeswritable=yes

启动 SMB 服务

[root@localhost ~]# service smb start[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable smb

挂载 Win 10 系统

通过 Winscp 等软件将 Windows 10 安装文件上传到 Cobbler 服务器上，并将创建的应答文件上传到cobbler /smb/win/win10_x64_bios_auto.xml

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /smb/win[root@localhost ~]# mount -o loop,ro /tmp/cn_windows_10_business_edition_version_1809_updated_sept_2018_x64_dvd_84ac403f.iso /mnt/[root@localhost ~]# cp -r /mnt/* /smb/win[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/

自动化安装 Windows10

从 Vmware 创建一台内存 4G，Cpu 2核，磁盘 60G 的空盘，Win 10虚拟机，然后开机。记得选 BIOS，别选UEFI。