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Java实现通过经纬度求两个任意地点在球面上的距离

news 来源：原创 2024/5/20 14:50:49

我们在实际开发中会获取对应的经纬度，可以使用ES大数据搜索引擎进行计算对应区域的数据，那我们在如何根据两个经纬度获取对应的球面距离，就是在地球上从一个地点到另一个地点的直线距离

工具类如下:

public class GeoUtils {// 地球半径（单位：米）private static final double EARTH_RADIUS = 6371000.0;/*** 使用Haversine公式计算两点之间的球面距离** @param lat1 latitude 纬度* @param lon1 longitude 经度* @param lat2 纬度* @param lon2 经度* @return 球面距离*/public static double haversineDistance(double lat1, double lon1, double lat2, double lon2) {double dLat = Math.toRadians(lat2 - lat1);double dLon = Math.toRadians(lon2 - lon1);double a = Math.sin(dLat / 2) * Math.sin(dLat / 2) +Math.cos(Math.toRadians(lat1)) * Math.cos(Math.toRadians(lat2)) *Math.sin(dLon / 2) * Math.sin(dLon / 2);double c = 2 * Math.atan2(Math.sqrt(a), Math.sqrt(1 - a));return EARTH_RADIUS * c;}/*** 使用Vincenty公式计算两点之间的球面距离** @param lat1 latitude 纬度* @param lon1 longitude 经度* @param lat2 纬度* @param lon2 经度* @return 球面距离*/public static double vincentyDistance(double lat1, double lon1, double lat2, double lon2) {double a = EARTH_RADIUS;double f = 1.0 / 298.257223563; // WGS-84 ellipsoid parametersdouble b = a * (1.0 - f);double lat1Rad = Math.toRadians(lat1);double lon1Rad = Math.toRadians(lon1);double lat2Rad = Math.toRadians(lat2);double lon2Rad = Math.toRadians(lon2);double L = lon2Rad - lon1Rad;double U1 = Math.atan((1.0 - f) * Math.tan(lat1Rad));double U2 = Math.atan((1.0 - f) * Math.tan(lat2Rad));double sinU1 = Math.sin(U1);double cosU1 = Math.cos(U1);double sinU2 = Math.sin(U2);double cosU2 = Math.cos(U2);double lambda = L;double lambdaP;int iterLimit = 100;double cosSigma, sinSigma, sigma, sinAlpha, cosSqAlpha, cos2SigmaM;do {double sinLambda = Math.sin(lambda);double cosLambda = Math.cos(lambda);sinSigma = Math.sqrt((cosU2 * sinLambda) * (cosU2 * sinLambda) +(cosU1 * sinU2 - sinU1 * cosU2 * cosLambda) *(cosU1 * sinU2 - sinU1 * cosU2 * cosLambda));if (sinSigma == 0) {return 0.0;}cosSigma = sinU1 * sinU2 + cosU1 * cosU2 * cosLambda;sigma = Math.atan2(sinSigma, cosSigma);sinAlpha = cosU1 * cosU2 * sinLambda / sinSigma;cosSqAlpha = 1.0 - sinAlpha * sinAlpha;cos2SigmaM = cosSigma - 2.0 * sinU1 * sinU2 / cosSqAlpha;if (Double.isNaN(cos2SigmaM)) {cos2SigmaM = 0.0;}double C = f / 16.0 * cosSqAlpha * (4.0 + f * (4.0 - 3.0 * cosSqAlpha));lambdaP = lambda;lambda = L + (1.0 - C) * f * sinAlpha *(sigma + C * sinSigma * (cos2SigmaM + C * cosSigma * (-1.0 + 2.0 * cos2SigmaM * cos2SigmaM)));} while (Math.abs(lambda - lambdaP) > 1e-12 && --iterLimit > 0);if (iterLimit == 0) {return Double.NaN; // Formula failed to converge}double uSq = cosSqAlpha * (a * a - b * b) / (b * b);double A = 1 + uSq / 16384.0 * (4096.0 + uSq * (-768 + uSq * (320 - 175 * uSq)));double B = uSq / 1024.0 * (256.0 + uSq * (-128.0 + uSq * (74.0 - 47 * uSq)));double deltaSigma = B * sinSigma * (cos2SigmaM + B / 4.0 * (cosSigma * (-1.0 + 2.0 * cos2SigmaM * cos2SigmaM) -B / 6.0 * cos2SigmaM * (-3.0 + 4.0 * sinSigma * sinSigma) *(-3.0 + 4.0 * cos2SigmaM * cos2SigmaM)));return b * A * (sigma - deltaSigma);}/*** 使用球面三角法计算两点之间的球面距离** @param lat1 latitude 纬度* @param lon1 longitude 经度* @param lat2 纬度* @param lon2 经度* @return 球面距离*/public static double sphericalLawOfCosinesDistance(double lat1, double lon1, double lat2, double lon2) {double dLon = Math.toRadians(lon2 - lon1);lat1 = Math.toRadians(lat1);lat2 = Math.toRadians(lat2);return Math.acos(Math.sin(lat1) * Math.sin(lat2) + Math.cos(lat1) * Math.cos(lat2) * Math.cos(dLon)) * EARTH_RADIUS;}/*** 将米转换成公里** @param meters* @return*/public static double metersToKilometers(double meters) {return meters / 1000.0;}}

测试从纽约到伦敦的距离

  public static void main(String[] args) {double newYorkLat = 40.7128; // 纽约的纬度double newYorkLon = -74.0060; // 纽约的经度double londonLat = 51.5074; // 伦敦的纬度double londonLon = -0.1278; // 伦敦的经度double distance1 = GeoUtils.haversineDistance(newYorkLat, newYorkLon, londonLat, londonLon);System.out.println("从纽约到伦敦的球面距离：" + distance1 + " 米 ," + metersToKilometers(distance1) + " 公里");double distance2 = GeoUtils.vincentyDistance(newYorkLat, newYorkLon, londonLat, londonLon);System.out.println("从纽约到伦敦的球面距离：" + distance2 + " 米 ," + metersToKilometers(distance2) + " 公里");double distance3 = GeoUtils.sphericalLawOfCosinesDistance(newYorkLat, newYorkLon, londonLat, londonLon);System.out.println("从纽约到伦敦的球面距离：" + distance3 + " 米 ," + metersToKilometers(distance3) + " 公里");}

这样子就可以求出地球上两点之间的距离了