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Spring Cloud Alibab 入门搭建，包含Nacos中心，注册服务发现服务，Feign请求，GateWay网关，sentinel限流

news 来源：原创 2024/5/17 11:53:36

源码在最后

一、安装Nacos注册中心

1.1查看Nacos官网，安装Nacos服务，下载源码或者安装包

1.2启动服务，默认端口为8848，

二、创建服务注册&发现

2.1使用脚手架，创建注册服务和发现服务项目，我用的版本是2.6.13，

2.2增加启动类配置，用于支持注册服务和发现服务和Feign请求等

2.2.1注册服务增加配置类注解

2.2.2发现服务配置，激活Feign

2.2.3创建包nacosdiscoveryprovider，包下创建接口EchoServiceController作为注册服务接口， 用于后续Feign请求测试，启动服务

2.2.4创建发现服务普通RestTemplate接口，测试通过RestTemplate请求是否可以转发到注册服务端

2.2.5创建Feign接口

三、创建网关服务

3.1 脚手架创建网关服务

3.2启动类增加注解

3.3创建Controller接口测试服务是否可以正常访问

4.网关服务作为统一入口，需要配置断言Predicate机制拦截，一个请求在抵达网关层后，首先就要进行断言匹配，在满足所有断言之后才会进入Filter阶段转发至发现服务nacos-discovery-provider-sample，断言配置采用Nacos中心动态配置。

4.1在Nacos中心创建配置

4.2 网关服务application.properties增加配置获取Nacos中心的配置

4.3动态刷新中心配置

4.4增加配置类事件推送类，动态更新配置DynamicRouteServiceImpl

4.5项目创建DynamicRouteServiceImplNacos类，用于接收动态刷新。

4.5启动网关服务，Postman调用网关

5.网关配置JTWtoken鉴权

5.1自定义过滤器鉴权规则

 5.2修改Nacos中心nacos-gateway-sample.json断言配置，增加过滤器

5.3增加模拟登录接口获取token

四、为服务增加sentinel限流熔断配置

4.1下载按照运行sentinel

4.2网关服务配置sentinel

4.3配置限流规则

4.3.1选择API管理，新增API规则

4.3.2新增网关流控规则

4.3.3配置熔断规则

4.3.4配置限流和熔断统一返回值，此例是返回值，

五、限流熔断配置Nacos持久化

5.1Nacos控制台新建一个限流和熔断配置

5.1.1限流配置：

5.1.1熔断配置

5.2项目配置文件增加nacos的数据源配置

5.3创建config类，初始化加载配置参数属性

5.4创建限流熔断工厂类，加载sentinel相关内容。加载限流、熔断规则，自定义限流熔断错误返回处理，

5.5 Postman测试

5.5.1限流生效返回

5.5.2熔断生效返回

六 结束语

一、安装Nacos注册中心

1.1查看Nacos官网，安装Nacos服务，下载源码或者安装包

Nacos 快速开始

1.2启动服务，默认端口为8848，

进入文件夹，cd nacos/bin

以单机模式启动 服务

sh startup.sh -m standalone

登录注册中心查看服务是否正常

二、创建服务注册&发现

2.1使用脚手架，创建注册服务和发现服务项目，我用的版本是2.6.13，

项目名称nacos-discovery-provider-sample

脚手架创建的服务包含注册和发现

Cloud Native App Initializer (aliyun.com)

选择组件

项目pom完整内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>nacos-discovery-provider-sample</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>nacos-discovery-provider-sample</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><properties><java.version>1.8</java.version><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><spring-boot.version>2.6.13</spring-boot.version><spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2021.0.5.0</spring-cloud-alibaba.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId><exclusions><exclusion><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId></exclusion></exclusions></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId><version>3.1.5</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId><version>3.1.5</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-boot.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>3.8.1</version><configuration><source>1.8</source><target>1.8</target><encoding>UTF-8</encoding></configuration></plugin><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>${spring-boot.version}</version><configuration><mainClass>com.alibaba.cloud.nacosdiscoveryprovidersample.NacosDiscoveryProviderSampleApplication</mainClass><skip>true</skip></configuration><executions><execution><id>repackage</id><goals><goal>repackage</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin></plugins></build>
</project>

application.properties内容

默认服务名

spring.application.name=nacos-discovery-provider-sample

# Nacos帮助文档: https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/concepts.html
spring.application.name=nacos-discovery-provider-sample
# Nacos认证信息
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.username=nacos
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.password=nacos
# Nacos 服务发现与注册配置，其中子属性 server-addr 指定 Nacos 服务器主机和端口
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=192.168.100.115:8848
# 注册到 nacos 的指定 namespace，默认为 public
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.namespace=23963657-2b3b-49db-be69-f2517dc3695c
#ribbon.nacos.enabled=true
server.port=8082

2.2增加启动类配置，用于支持注册服务和发现服务和Feign请求等

2.2.1注册服务增加配置类注解

@EnableDiscoveryClient 开启服务提供者或消费者，客户端的支持，用来注册服务

@EnableFeignClients 开启Feign功能

配置类注解@Configuration

/** Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more* contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with* the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and* limitations under the License.*/
package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosdiscoveryprovidersample.nacosdiscovery;import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/*** @author <a href="mailto:chenxilzx1@gmail.com">theonefx</a>*/
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@Configuration
@EnableFeignClients
public class NacosDiscoveryConfiguration {
}

2.2.2发现服务配置，激活Feign

/** Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more* contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with* the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and* limitations under the License.*/package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosdiscoveryprovidersample.demos.nacosdiscoveryconsumer;import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@EnableFeignClients // 激活 @FeignClient
@Configuration
public class NacosDiscoveryConsumerConfiguration {}

2.2.3创建包nacosdiscoveryprovider，包下创建接口EchoServiceController作为注册服务接口， 用于后续Feign请求测试，启动服务

/** Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more* contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with* the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and* limitations under the License.*/
package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosdiscoveryprovidersample.demos.nacosdiscoveryprovider;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
public class EchoServiceController {@GetMapping("/echo/{message}")public String echo(@PathVariable String message) throws InterruptedException {System.out.println(message);return "[ECHO] : " + message;}@GetMapping("/test")public String test() {return "[ECHO] : " +"test";}
}

2.2.4创建发现服务普通RestTemplate接口，测试通过RestTemplate请求是否可以转发到注册服务端

/** Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more* contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with* the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and* limitations under the License.*/package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosdiscoveryprovidersample.demos.nacosdiscoveryconsumer;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Lazy;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;import java.util.concurrent.Delayed;@RestController
public class RestTemplateController {@LoadBalanced@Lazy@Autowiredpublic RestTemplate restTemplate;@LoadBalanced@Beanpublic RestTemplate restTemplate() {return new RestTemplate();}@GetMapping("/call/echo/{message}")public String callEcho(@PathVariable String message) throws InterruptedException {// 访问应用 nacos-discovery-provider-sample 的 EchoServiceController 中的/echo/{message}return restTemplate.getForObject("http://nacos-discovery-provider-sample/echo/" + message, String.class);}
}

Postman 调用本服务接口 /call/echo/{message}，正常访问到接口之后，RestTemplate通过路由

http://nacos-discovery-provider-sample/echo/  路由前缀为注册服务名称 转发的上述

nacosdiscoveryprovider包下接口EchoServiceController。

2.2.5创建Feign接口

创建发现服务Feign 接口，用于接收Feign请求转发只服务端，接口增加注解

@FeignClient("nacos-discovery-provider-sample") 指向服务提供者应用

/** Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more* contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with* the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and* limitations under the License.*/
package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosdiscoveryprovidersample.demos.nacosdiscoveryconsumer;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;@FeignClient("nacos-discovery-provider-sample") // 指向服务提供者应用
public interface EchoService {@GetMapping("/echo/{message}")String echo(@PathVariable("message") String message);
}

创建FeignController 测试Feign请求

/** Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more* contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with* the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and* limitations under the License.*/package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosdiscoveryprovidersample.demos.nacosdiscoveryconsumer;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
public class OpenFeignController {@Autowiredprivate EchoService echoService;@GetMapping("/feign/echo/{message}")public String feignEcho(@PathVariable String message) throws InterruptedException {return echoService.echo(message);}
}

通过Postman 请求接口/feign/echo/{message}

服务根据EchoService 中的FeignClient注解，请求会转发至nacos-discovery-provider-sample服务的/echo/{message}接口

至此，Nacos中心搭建完成，注册服务和发现服务注册成功，并且服务支持Fdign请求。

三、创建网关服务

3.1 脚手架创建网关服务

Cloud Native App Initializer (aliyun.com)

项目pom完整内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>nacos-gateway-sample</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>nacos-gateway-sample</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><properties><java.version>1.8</java.version><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><spring-boot.version>2.6.13</spring-boot.version><spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2021.0.5.0</spring-cloud-alibaba.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId><version>3.1.5</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-sentinel-gateway</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-gateway-server</artifactId><version>3.1.5</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId><version>3.1.5</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><version>1.18.4</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.76</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>cn.hutool</groupId><artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId><version>5.3.10</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-gateway-server</artifactId><version>3.1.5</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId><artifactId>jjwt</artifactId><version>0.9.0</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId><artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId><version>2.3.1</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId><artifactId>spring-security-crypto</artifactId></dependency></dependencies><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-boot.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>3.8.1</version><configuration><source>1.8</source><target>1.8</target><encoding>UTF-8</encoding></configuration></plugin><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>${spring-boot.version}</version><configuration><mainClass>com.alibaba.cloud.nacosgatewaysample.NacosGatewaySampleApplication</mainClass><skip>true</skip></configuration><executions><execution><id>repackage</id><goals><goal>repackage</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin></plugins></build></project>

application.properties

# Nacos帮助文档: https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/concepts.html
spring.application.name=nacos-gateway-sample
server.port=9080
# Nacos认证信息
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.username=nacos
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.password=nacos
## 整合sentinel，配置sentinel控制台的地址## 指定控制台的地址，默认端口8080
spring.cloud.sentinel.enabled=truespring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding: true
# Nacos 服务发现与注册配置，其中子属性 server-addr 指定 Nacos 服务器主机和端口
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=192.168.100.115:8848
# 注册到 nacos 的指定 namespace，默认为 public
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.namespace=23963657-2b3b-49db-be69-f2517dc3695c
#sentinel控制台
spring.cloud.sentinel.transport.dashboard=192.168.100.115:9090
##限流或者熔断返回
## 一种是redirect，重定向跳转，需要同时配置redirect(跳转的uri)
spring.cloud.sentinel.scg.fallback.mode=response
## 响应的状态
spring.cloud.sentinel.scg.fallback.response-status=200
## 响应体
spring.cloud.sentinel.scg.fallback.response-body='{"code": 200,"message": "限流/熔断，稍后重试！"}'nacos.gateway.route.config.data-id=nacos-gateway-sample.json
nacos.gateway.route.config.group=DEFAULT_GROUP
murg.gateway.jwt.enabled=true
murg.gateway.jwt.secret=fjkfaf;afa
murg.gateway.jwt.header=Authorization
murg.gateway.jwt.expiration=3000000000000000
murg.gateway.jwt.userParamName=username
murg.gateway.jwt.pwdParamName=password

3.2启动类增加注解@EnableDiscoveryClient

启动服务，登录Nacos注册中心，查看网关服务是否正常注册。

3.3创建Controller接口测试服务是否可以正常访问

JwtAuthController
  /*** 测试*/@RequestMapping("/aaa/test")public String testaaa(@RequestBody Map<String,String> map) throws InterruptedException {Thread.sleep(3000);return "aaaaaa";}

Postman测试请求/aaa/test

正常返回数据。

4.网关服务作为统一入口，需要配置断言Predicate机制拦截，一个请求在抵达网关层后，首先就要进行断言匹配，在满足所有断言之后才会进入Filter阶段转发至发现服务nacos-discovery-provider-sample，断言配置采用Nacos中心动态配置。

4.1在Nacos中心创建配置

本例采用Json格式，配置详情如下

[
    {
        "id":"nacos-gateway-sample",   
        "order":0, 
        "predicates":[ 
            {
              "args":{
                  "pattern":"/nacos-discovery-provider-sample/**" //路由匹配内容
              },
              "name":"Path"  //通过路由方式拦截
              }
        ],
        "uri":"lb://nacos-discovery-provider-sample",//匹配成功转发到的服务地址
    }
]

注：中心配置内不能有注释，在中心把注释删除

4.2 网关服务application.properties增加配置获取Nacos中心的配置

nacos.gateway.route.config.data-id=nacos-gateway-sample.json
nacos.gateway.route.config.group=DEFAULT_GROUP

启动网关服务，会自动加载Nacos中心中的网关断言配置

4.3动态刷新中心配置

Nacos中心的断言配置如有变化，为了不重新服务，可以创建动态监听配置类，动态刷新

首先需要创建一个网报配置类GatewayConfig，读取Nacos相关访问配置，为配置监听做准备

package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosgatewaysample.config;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/*** 配置类：读取Nacos相关的配置项，用于配置监听器*/
@SuppressWarnings("all")
@Configuration
public class GatewayConfig {/*** 读取配置的超时时间*/public static final long DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 30000;/*** Nacos 服务器地址*/public static String NACOS_SERVER_ADDR;/*** Nacos 命名空间*/public static String NACOS_NAMESPACE;/*** nacos 配置列表中的dataid*/public static String NACOS_ROUTE_DATE_ID;/*** nacos分组id*/public static String NACOS_GROUP_ID;@Value("${spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr}")public void setNacosServerAddr(String nacosServerAddr) {NACOS_SERVER_ADDR = nacosServerAddr;}@Value("${spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.namespace}")public void setNacosNamespace(String nacosNamespace) {NACOS_NAMESPACE = nacosNamespace;}@Value("${nacos.gateway.route.config.data-id}")public void setNacosRouteDateId(String nacosRouteDateId) {NACOS_ROUTE_DATE_ID = nacosRouteDateId;}@Value("${nacos.gateway.route.config.group}")public void setNacosGroupId(String nacosGroupId) {NACOS_GROUP_ID = nacosGroupId;}}

4.4增加配置类事件推送类，动态更新配置DynamicRouteServiceImpl

package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosgatewaysample.config;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.event.RefreshRoutesEvent;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteDefinition;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteDefinitionLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteDefinitionWriter;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisherAware;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import java.util.List;/*** 事件推送 Aware: 动态更新路由网关 Service* */
@Slf4j
@Service
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class DynamicRouteServiceImpl implements ApplicationEventPublisherAware {/** 写路由定义 */private final RouteDefinitionWriter routeDefinitionWriter;/** 获取路由定义 */private final RouteDefinitionLocator routeDefinitionLocator;/** 事件发布 */private ApplicationEventPublisher publisher;public DynamicRouteServiceImpl(RouteDefinitionWriter routeDefinitionWriter,RouteDefinitionLocator routeDefinitionLocator) {this.routeDefinitionWriter = routeDefinitionWriter;this.routeDefinitionLocator = routeDefinitionLocator;}@Overridepublic void setApplicationEventPublisher(ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher) {// 完成事件推送句柄的初始化this.publisher = applicationEventPublisher;}/*** 从nacos读取路由配hi，写道gateway中* <h2>增加路由定义</h2>* */public String addRouteDefinition(RouteDefinition definition) {log.info("gateway add route: [{}]", definition);// 保存路由配置并发布routeDefinitionWriter.save(Mono.just(definition)).subscribe();// 发布事件通知给 Gateway, 同步新增的路由定义this.publisher.publishEvent(new RefreshRoutesEvent(this));return "success";}/*** <h2>更新路由</h2>* */public String updateList(List<RouteDefinition> definitions) {log.info("更新网关路由: [{}]", definitions);// 先拿到当前 Gateway 中存储的路由定义List<RouteDefinition> routeDefinitionsExits =routeDefinitionLocator.getRouteDefinitions().buffer().blockFirst();if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(routeDefinitionsExits)) {// 清除掉之前所有的 "旧的" 路由定义routeDefinitionsExits.forEach(rd -> {deleteById(rd.getId());log.info("清除掉之前所有的 旧的 路由定义: [{}]", rd);});}// 把更新的路由定义同步到 gateway 中definitions.forEach(definition -> updateByRouteDefinition(definition));return "success";}/*** <h2>根据路由 id 删除路由配置</h2>* */private String deleteById(String id) {try {log.info("要删除的路由id: [{}]", id);this.routeDefinitionWriter.delete(Mono.just(id)).subscribe();// 发布事件通知给 gateway 更新路由定义this.publisher.publishEvent(new RefreshRoutesEvent(this));return "删除成功";} catch (Exception ex) {log.error("删除网关路由失败: [{}]", ex.getMessage(), ex);return "删除失败";}}/*** <h2>更新路由</h2>* 更新的实现策略比较简单: 删除 + 新增 = 更新* */private String updateByRouteDefinition(RouteDefinition definition) {try {log.info("更新网关路由: [{}]", definition);this.routeDefinitionWriter.delete(Mono.just(definition.getId()));} catch (Exception ex) {return "更新失败,没有查到更新的网关路由id: " + definition.getId();}try {this.routeDefinitionWriter.save(Mono.just(definition)).subscribe();this.publisher.publishEvent(new RefreshRoutesEvent(this));return "成功";} catch (Exception ex) {return "更新路由失败！";}}
}

4.5项目创建DynamicRouteServiceImplNacos类，用于接收动态刷新。

package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosgatewaysample.config;
import cn.hutool.core.collection.CollectionUtil;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.nacos.api.NacosFactory;
import com.alibaba.nacos.api.config.ConfigService;
import com.alibaba.nacos.api.config.listener.Listener;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteDefinition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.DependsOn;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;/*** 通过Nacos下发的动态配置，监听nacos中路由配置*/
@Slf4j
@Component
//再另外一个Bean初始化之后再去初始化当前类
@DependsOn({"gatewayConfig"})
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class DynamicRouteServiceImplNacos {private ConfigService configService;private final DynamicRouteServiceImpl dynamicRouteService;public DynamicRouteServiceImplNacos(DynamicRouteServiceImpl dynamicRouteService){this.dynamicRouteService = dynamicRouteService;}/*** 初始化ConfigService** @return*/private ConfigService initConfigService() {try {Properties properties = new Properties();properties.setProperty("serverAddr", GatewayConfig.NACOS_SERVER_ADDR);properties.setProperty("namespace", GatewayConfig.NACOS_NAMESPACE);return configService = NacosFactory.createConfigService(properties);} catch (Exception ex) {log.error("初始化配置服务:[{}]", ex.getMessage());return null;}}/*** bean在容器中构造完成之后会立即执行当前的init方法* 加载路由信息，注册监听器*/@PostConstructpublic void init(){log.info("网关路由初始化...");try {//初始化nacos配置客户端configService = initConfigService();if(configService==null){log.error("初始化配置服务异常,配置服务是null!");return;}//通过 nacos config 并指定路由配置路径去获取路由配置String configInfo = configService.getConfig(GatewayConfig.NACOS_ROUTE_DATE_ID,GatewayConfig.NACOS_GROUP_ID,GatewayConfig.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);log.info("当前网关配置信息:[{}]:",configInfo);//反序列化List<RouteDefinition> routeDefinitions = JSON.parseArray(configInfo, RouteDefinition.class);if(CollectionUtil.isNotEmpty(routeDefinitions)){//新增for (RouteDefinition routeDefinition : routeDefinitions) {log.info("初始化 路由定义对象 信息:[{}]:",routeDefinition);dynamicRouteService.addRouteDefinition(routeDefinition);}}} catch (Exception e) {log.error("网关路由初始化失败:[{}]",e.getMessage());}//设置监听器dynamicRouteServiceImplNacosByListener(GatewayConfig.NACOS_ROUTE_DATE_ID, GatewayConfig.NACOS_GROUP_ID);}/*** 监听 Nacos下发的动态路由配置** @param dataId* @param group*/private void dynamicRouteServiceImplNacosByListener(String dataId, String group) {try {//给Nacos config 客户端增加一个监听器configService.addListener(dataId, group, new Listener() {/*** 自己提供线程池执行操作* @return*/@Overridepublic Executor getExecutor() {return null;}/*** 监听器收到接收到配置变更信息* @param configInfo nacos 中最新配置信息*/@Overridepublic void receiveConfigInfo(String configInfo) {log.info("接收的配置信息:[{}]", configInfo);List<RouteDefinition> routeDefinitions = JSON.parseArray(configInfo, RouteDefinition.class);dynamicRouteService.updateList(routeDefinitions);log.info("更新后的路由配置信息:[{}]", routeDefinitions.toString());}});} catch (Exception e) {log.error("监听 Nacos下发的动态路由配置异常:[{}]", e.getMessage());}}
}

Nacos中心配置变更发布之后，监听更新，调用DynamicRouteServiceImpl updateList 实现更新配置

4.5启动网关服务，Postman调用网关

路由/nacos-discovery-provider-sample/call/echo/nnn

根据断言配置的 "pattern":"/nacos-discovery-provider-sample/**" 匹配到前缀，网关自动转发至

发现服务nacos-discovery-provider-sample的/call/echo/nnn接口，控制台输出nnn

5.网关配置JTWtoken鉴权

为网关配置鉴权过滤器

pom引入以下配置

<dependency><groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId><artifactId>jjwt</artifactId><version>0.9.0</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId><artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId><version>2.3.1</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId><artifactId>spring-security-crypto</artifactId></dependency>

5.1自定义过滤器鉴权规则

创建JwtProperties类

package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosgatewaysample.config;import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "murg.gateway.jwt")
@Component
public class JwtProperties {//是否开启JWT，即注入相关的类对象private Boolean enabled;//JWT密钥private String secret;//JWT有效时间private Long expiration;//前端向后端传递JWT时使用HTTP的header名称，前后端要统一private String header;//用户登录-用户名参数名称private String userParamName = "username";//用户登录-密码参数名称private String pwdParamName = "password";}

application.properties增加 JWT配置

murg.gateway.jwt.enabled=true
murg.gateway.jwt.secret=fjkfaf;afa
murg.gateway.jwt.header=Authorization
murg.gateway.jwt.expiration=3000000000000000
murg.gateway.jwt.userParamName=username
murg.gateway.jwt.pwdParamName=password创建JTWUtile，鉴权逻辑
package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosgatewaysample.config;import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;@Component
public class JwtTokenUtil {@Resourceprivate JwtProperties jwtProperties;/*** 生成token令牌** @param userId 用户Id或用户名* @param payloads 令牌中携带的附加信息* @return 令token牌*/public String generateToken(String userId,Map<String,String> payloads) {int payloadSizes = payloads == null? 0 : payloads.size();Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>(payloadSizes + 2);claims.put("sub", userId);claims.put("created", new Date());if(payloadSizes > 0){for(Map.Entry<String,String> entry:payloads.entrySet()){claims.put(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue());}}return generateToken(claims);}/*** 从令牌中获取用户名** @param token 令牌* @return 用户名*/public String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {String username;try {Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);username = claims.getSubject();} catch (Exception e) {username = null;}return username;}/*** 判断令牌是否过期** @param token 令牌* @return 是否过期*/public Boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {try {Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);Date expiration = claims.getExpiration();return expiration.before(new Date());} catch (Exception e) {//验证JWT签名失败等同于令牌过期return true;}}/*** 刷新令牌** @param token 原令牌* @return 新令牌*/public String refreshToken(String token) {String refreshedToken;try {Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);claims.put("created", new Date());refreshedToken = generateToken(claims);} catch (Exception e) {refreshedToken = null;}return refreshedToken;}/*** 验证令牌** @param token       令牌* @param userId  用户Id用户名* @return 是否有效*/public Boolean validateToken(String token, String userId) {String username = getUsernameFromToken(token);return (username.equals(userId) && !isTokenExpired(token));}/*** 从claims生成令牌,如果看不懂就看谁调用它** @param claims 数据声明* @return 令牌*/private String generateToken(Map<String, Object> claims) {Date expirationDate = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + jwtProperties.getExpiration());return Jwts.builder().setClaims(claims).setExpiration(expirationDate).signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, jwtProperties.getSecret()).compact();}/*** 从令牌中获取数据声明,验证JWT签名** @param token 令牌* @return 数据声明*/private Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) {Claims claims;try {claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(jwtProperties.getSecret()).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();} catch (Exception e) {claims = null;}return claims;}
}

创建JWTAuthCheckFilter自定义过滤规则实现JTW鉴权，@Order注解配置自动注入顺序后注入，防止先加载。

/authentication模拟登录注册接口，此接口放行。

package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosgatewaysample.Filter;import com.alibaba.cloud.nacosgatewaysample.config.JwtProperties;
import com.alibaba.cloud.nacosgatewaysample.config.JwtTokenUtil;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilter;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBuffer;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;@Configuration
@Order(-101)
public class JWTAuthCheckFilter  implements GatewayFilter, Ordered  {@Resourceprivate JwtProperties jwtProperties;@Resourceprivate JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;//将JWT鉴权失败的消息响应给客户端private Mono<Void> writeUnAuthorizedMessageAsJson(ServerHttpResponse serverHttpResponse, String message) {serverHttpResponse.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED);Map reuslt=new HashMap();reuslt. put("code","401");reuslt. put("msg","鉴权失败");serverHttpResponse.getHeaders().add("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8");DataBuffer dataBuffer = serverHttpResponse.bufferFactory().wrap(JSON.toJSONStringWithDateFormat(reuslt,JSON.DEFFAULT_DATE_FORMAT).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));return serverHttpResponse.writeWith(Flux.just(dataBuffer));}@Overridepublic Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {ServerHttpRequest serverHttpRequest = exchange.getRequest();ServerHttpResponse serverHttpResponse = exchange.getResponse();String requestUrl = serverHttpRequest.getURI().getPath();if(!requestUrl.equals("/authentication")){//从HTTP请求头中获取JWT令牌String jwtToken = serverHttpRequest.getHeaders().getFirst(jwtProperties.getHeader());//对Token解签名，并验证Token是否过期boolean isJwtNotValid = jwtTokenUtil.isTokenExpired(jwtToken);if(isJwtNotValid){ //如果JWT令牌不合法return writeUnAuthorizedMessageAsJson(serverHttpResponse,"请先去登录，再访问服务！");}//从JWT中解析出当前用户的身份（userId），并继续执行过滤器链，转发请求ServerHttpRequest mutableReq = serverHttpRequest.mutate().header("userId", jwtTokenUtil.getUsernameFromToken(jwtToken)).build();ServerWebExchange mutableExchange = exchange.mutate().request(mutableReq).build();return chain.filter(mutableExchange);}else{ //如果是登录认证请求，直接执行不需要进行JWT权限验证return chain.filter(exchange);}}@Overridepublic int getOrder() {return 101;}
}

自定义过滤器工厂，为网关加载过滤器使用

package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosgatewaysample.Filter;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilter;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.factory.AbstractGatewayFilterFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class JWTAuthCheckFilterFactory extends AbstractGatewayFilterFactory<Object> {@AutowiredJWTAuthCheckFilter jWTAuthCheckFilte;@Overridepublic GatewayFilter apply(Object config) {return jWTAuthCheckFilte;}
}

 5.2修改Nacos中心nacos-gateway-sample.json断言配置，增加过滤器

[{"id":"nacos-gateway-sample",   "order":0, "predicates":[ {"args":{"pattern":"/nacos-discovery-provider-sample/**" },"name":"Path"  }],"uri":"lb://nacos-discovery-provider-sample","filters":[{"name":"JWTAuthCheckFilterFactory"},{"name":"StripPrefix", "args":{"parts":"1"}     }]}
]

filters的name指定为自定义工厂JWTAuthCheckFilterFactory。

至此鉴权流程完成。

5.3增加模拟登录接口获取token

/*** 使用用户名密码换JWT令牌*/@RequestMapping("/authentication")public Mono<Map> authentication(@RequestBody Map<String,String> map){//从请求体中获取用户名密码String username  = map.get(jwtProperties.getUserParamName());String password = map.get(jwtProperties.getPwdParamName());if(StringUtils.isEmpty(username)|| StringUtils.isEmpty(password)){return buildErrorResponse("用户名或者密码不能为空");}//根据用户名（用户Id）去数据库查找该用户SysUser sysUser =new SysUser();sysUser.setPassword("123456");if(sysUser != null){//将数据库的加密密码与用户明文密码match// boolean isAuthenticated = passwordEncoder.matches("123456",sysUser.getPassword());boolean isAuthenticated="123456".equals(sysUser.getPassword());if(isAuthenticated){ //如果匹配成功//通过jwtTokenUtil生成JWT令牌并returnreturn buildSuccessResponse(jwtTokenUtil.generateToken(username,null));} else{ //如果密码匹配失败return buildErrorResponse("请确定您输入的用户名或密码是否正确！");}}else{return buildErrorResponse("请确定您输入的用户名或密码是否正确！");}}

返回TOKEN之后，测试请求网关/nacos-discovery-provider-sample/call/echo/nnn

请求Header中带入参数

Authorization：eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJleHAiOjMwMDE3MDk3Nzc5NjIsInN1YiI6ImFkbWluIiwiY3JlYXRlZCI6MTcwOTc3Nzk2MjQ1Nn0.3pw5NVIhiMggFvPEDvUHGX_Iy8EyLT0EQGQS7Xf3bAiu5GhAFHvtSd2_3nsOMzjtAbYT2sk2ffx122cLBXQzPQ

接口正常。去掉Authorization，接口返回

{
    "msg": "鉴权失败",
    "code": "401"
}

四、为服务增加sentinel限流熔断配置

4.1下载按照运行sentinel

下载Sentinel: 官网阿里 Sentinelsentinel 

Sentinel: 官网阿里 Sentinel

启动sentinel指定管理界面端口为9092

nohup java -Dserver.port=9090 -Dcsp.sentinel.dashboard.server=localhost:9092 -Dproject.name=sentinel-dashboard -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.8.7.jar &

登录管理端 用户名密码默认 sentinel/sentinel

4.2网关服务配置sentinel

application.properties增加## 整合sentinel，配置sentinel控制台的地址## 指定控制台的地址，默认端口8080
spring.cloud.sentinel.enabled=true
#sentinel控制台
spring.cloud.sentinel.transport.dashboard=192.168.100.115:9090

重启服务,登录sentinel管理端 右侧不显示网关服务

idea增加启动参数

Dcsp.sentinel.dashboard.server=192.168.100.115:9090 -Dproject.name=nacos-natewayn-ample  -Dcsp.sentinel.api.port=9090 -Dcsp.sentinel.app.type=1

或者启动类增加

重新启动显示正常

正常压测

4.3配置限流规则

本例以路由前缀限流

4.3.1选择API管理，新增API规则

新增API分组

匹配串 /nacos-discovery-provider-sample/**

4.3.2新增网关流控规则

限流配置完成

压测截图

4.3.3配置熔断规则

修改限流规则qps1000，停掉发现服务nacos-discovery-provider-sample测试

返回429 熔断生效

4.3.4配置限流和熔断统一返回值，此例是返回值，

 一种是redirect，重定向跳转，需要同时配置redirect(跳转的uri)

application.properties

spring.cloud.sentinel.scg.fallback.mode=response
## 响应的状态
spring.cloud.sentinel.scg.fallback.response-status=200
## 响应体
spring.cloud.sentinel.scg.fallback.response-body="{\"code\":\"429\",\"msg\":\"请求太多了\"}"
重新启动服务nacos-discovery-provider-sample测试限流返回

返回正常200数据。

五、限流熔断配置Nacos持久化

限流和熔断配置在网关服务重启之后会失效，在sentinel中会消失，改为Nacos持久化配置

引入依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
    <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
</dependency>
 

5.1Nacos控制台新建一个限流和熔断配置

5.1.1限流配置：

nacos-discovery-provider-sample-flow的json配置，内容如下：

[{"resource": "nacos-gateway-sample","controlBehavior": 0,"count": 100,"grade": 1,"limitApp": "default","strategy": 0}
]

resource：资源名称；和网关的配置nacos-gateway-sample.json id保持一致，指明来源

nacos-gateway-sample


limitApp：来源应用；
grade：阈值类型，0表示线程数，1表示QPS
count：单机阈值；
strategy：流控模式，0表示直接，1表示关联，2表示链路；
controlBehavior：流控效果，0表示快速失败，1表示Warm Up，2表示排队等待；
clusterMode：是否集群。

5.1.1熔断配置

nacos-discovery-provider-sample-degrade

5.2项目配置文件增加nacos的数据源配置

## 整合sentinel，配置sentinel控制台的地址## 指定控制台的地址，默认端口8080
spring.cloud.sentinel.enabled=true
#sentinel控制台
spring.cloud.sentinel.transport.dashboard=192.168.100.115:9090
#指定限流的配置名字
sentinel.config.nacos.data-id-flow=nacos-discovery-provider-sample-flow
#指定熔断的配置名字
sentinel.config.nacos.data-id-degrade=nacos-discovery-provider-sample-degrade
#指定默认分组
sentinel.config.nacos.group=DEFAULT_GROUP

5.3创建config类，初始化加载配置参数属性

package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosgatewaysample.config;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@SuppressWarnings("all")
@Configuration
public class SentinelConfig {/*** Nacos 服务器地址*/public static String NACOS_SERVER_ADDR;/*** Nacos 命名空间*/public static String NACOS_SENTINEL_NAMESPACE;/*** Nacos 分组id*/public static String NACOS_SENTINEL_GROUP;/*** nacos 限流配置列表中的dataid*/public static String NACOS_SENTINEL_DATAID_FLOW;/*** nacos 熔断配置列表中的dataid*/public static String NACOS_SENTINEL_DATAID_DEGRADE;@Value("${spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr}")public  void setNacosServerAddr(String nacosServerAddr) {NACOS_SERVER_ADDR = nacosServerAddr;}@Value("${spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.namespace}")public  void setNacosSentinelNamespace(String nacosSentinelNamespace) {NACOS_SENTINEL_NAMESPACE = nacosSentinelNamespace;}@Value("${sentinel.config.nacos.group}")public  void setNacosSentinelGroup(String nacosSentinelGroup) {NACOS_SENTINEL_GROUP = nacosSentinelGroup;}@Value("${sentinel.config.nacos.data-id-flow}")public  void setNacosSentinelDataidFlow(String nacosSentinelDataidFlow) {NACOS_SENTINEL_DATAID_FLOW = nacosSentinelDataidFlow;}@Value("${sentinel.config.nacos.data-id-degrade}")public  void setNacosSentinelDataidDegrade(String nacosSentinelDataidDegrade) {NACOS_SENTINEL_DATAID_DEGRADE = nacosSentinelDataidDegrade;}
}

5.4创建限流熔断工厂类，加载sentinel相关内容。加载限流、熔断规则，自定义限流熔断错误返回处理，

限流自定义返回状态码429

熔断自定义返回状态码504

package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosgatewaysample.Filter;import com.alibaba.cloud.nacosgatewaysample.config.SentinelConfig;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.sc.SentinelGatewayFilter;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.sc.callback.BlockRequestHandler;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.sc.exception.SentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.datasource.ReadableDataSource;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.datasource.nacos.NacosDataSource;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.degrade.DegradeException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.degrade.DegradeRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.degrade.DegradeRuleManager;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowRuleManager;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.TypeReference;
import com.alibaba.nacos.api.PropertyKeyConst;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectProvider;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.DependsOn;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.codec.ServerCodecConfigurer;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerResponse;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.result.view.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.*;@Component
//再另外一个Bean初始化之后再去初始化当前类
@DependsOn({"sentinelConfig"})//再另外一个Bean初始化之后再去初始化当前类
public class SentinelFactory implements BlockRequestHandler {private  List<ViewResolver> viewResolvers;private  ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer;public SentinelFactory(ObjectProvider<List<ViewResolver>> viewResolversProvider,ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer) {//视图解析this.viewResolvers = viewResolversProvider.getIfAvailable(Collections::emptyList);this.serverCodecConfigurer = serverCodecConfigurer;Properties properties = new Properties();properties.put(PropertyKeyConst.SERVER_ADDR, SentinelConfig.NACOS_SERVER_ADDR);properties.put(PropertyKeyConst.NAMESPACE, SentinelConfig.NACOS_SENTINEL_NAMESPACE);//加载nacos配置中心的限流规则ReadableDataSource<String, List<FlowRule>> flowRuleDataSource = new NacosDataSource<>(properties, SentinelConfig.NACOS_SENTINEL_GROUP, SentinelConfig.NACOS_SENTINEL_DATAID_FLOW,source -> JSON.parseObject(source, new TypeReference<List<FlowRule>>() {}));FlowRuleManager.register2Property(flowRuleDataSource.getProperty());//加载nacos配置中心的熔断规则ReadableDataSource<String, List<DegradeRule>> degradeRuleDataSource = new NacosDataSource<>(properties, SentinelConfig.NACOS_SENTINEL_GROUP, SentinelConfig.NACOS_SENTINEL_DATAID_DEGRADE,source -> JSON.parseObject(source, new TypeReference<List<DegradeRule>>() {}));DegradeRuleManager.register2Property(degradeRuleDataSource.getProperty());}//异常处理接收Handler@Bean@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)public SentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler sentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler() {return new SentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler(viewResolvers, serverCodecConfigurer);}//这是执行sentinel规则的拦截器，Gateway路由之前会先执行这个拦截器@Bean@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)public GlobalFilter sentinelGatewayFilter() {return new SentinelGatewayFilter();}@Overridepublic Mono<ServerResponse> handleRequest(ServerWebExchange serverWebExchange, Throwable throwable) {String path = serverWebExchange.getRequest().getPath().pathWithinApplication().value();Map map = new HashMap();map.put("error","Unauthorized");map.put("path",path);map.put("status",HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.value());map.put("imestamp",new Date());if (throwable instanceof FlowException){map.put("message","服务被限流");return ServerResponse.status(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.value()).contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).body(Mono.just(map), Map.class);} else if (throwable instanceof DegradeException) {map.put("message","服务被熔断降级");return ServerResponse.status(HttpStatus.GATEWAY_TIMEOUT.value()).contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).body(Mono.just(map), Map.class);}return ServerResponse.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value()).contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).body(Mono.just(map), Map.class);}}

5.5 Postman测试

重启服务调用接口/nacos-discovery-provider-sample/call/echo/nnn测试

5.5.1限流生效返回

5.5.2熔断生效返回

PS：按照4.3动态刷新配置 创建监听实现动态加载，由于太懒没弄，感兴趣的同学可以自行加一下。

六 结束语

以上就是基于Nacos中心部署spring cloud的基础内容，包含JTW鉴权，网关、feign、sentinel限流熔断等基本内容，自学一周大概了解一下内容。

Nacos 文档地址

Nacos官方文档地址：Nacos 快速开始

github下载地址:Releases · alibaba/nacos · GitHub
gitee下载地址: Nacos 发行版 - Gitee.com

sentinel 文档地址：

Read Me - 《Sentinel v1.8 文档手册》 - 书栈网 · BookStackRead Me - 《Sentinel v1.8 文档手册》 - 书栈网 · BookStackRead Me - 《Sentinel v1.8 文档手册》 - 书栈网 · BookStack

脚手架地址

Cloud Native App Initializer (aliyun.com)

 源码下载连接 
https://download.csdn.net/download/weixin_41647530/88969539

祝福语：

同窗共学，亦为知己。让我们携手共进，相互勉励，成为更好的自己。

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