说明

本博客代码来自开源项目：《动手学深度学习》(PyTorch版)
并且在博主学习的理解上对代码进行了大量注释，方便理解各个函数的原理和用途

配置环境

使用环境：python3.8
平台：Windows10
IDE：PyCharm

此节说明

此节对应书本上5.10节
此节功能为：批量归一化从零实现
由于次节相对容易理解，代码注释量较少

代码

# 本书链接https://tangshusen.me/Dive-into-DL-PyTorch/#/chapter03_DL-basics/3.8_mlp
# 5.10 批量归一化
# 注释：黄文俊
# E-mail：hurri_cane@qq.com


import time
import torch
from torch import nn, optim
import torch.nn.functional as F

import sys
sys.path.append("..")
import d2lzh_pytorch as d2l
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')

def batch_norm(is_training, X, gamma, beta, moving_mean, moving_var, eps, momentum):
    # 判断当前模式是训练模式还是预测模式
    if not is_training:
        # 如果是在预测模式下，直接使用传入的移动平均所得的均值和方差
        X_hat = (X - moving_mean) / torch.sqrt(moving_var + eps)
    else:
        assert len(X.shape) in (2, 4)
        if len(X.shape) == 2:
            # 使用全连接层的情况，计算特征维上的均值和方差
            mean = X.mean(dim=0)
            # 样本均值
            var = ((X - mean) ** 2).mean(dim=0)
            # 样本均方差
        else:
            # 使用二维卷积层的情况，计算通道维上（axis=1）的均值和方差。这里我们需要保持
            # X的形状以便后面可以做广播运算
            mean = X.mean(dim=0, keepdim=True).mean(dim=2, keepdim=True).mean(dim=3, keepdim=True)
            var = ((X - mean) ** 2).mean(dim=0, keepdim=True).mean(dim=2, keepdim=True).mean(dim=3, keepdim=True)
        # 训练模式下用当前的均值和方差做标准化
        X_hat = (X - mean) / torch.sqrt(var + eps)
        # 更新移动平均的均值和方差
        moving_mean = momentum * moving_mean + (1.0 - momentum) * mean
        moving_var = momentum * moving_var + (1.0 - momentum) * var
    Y = gamma * X_hat + beta  # 拉伸和偏移
    return Y, moving_mean, moving_var


class BatchNorm(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_features, num_dims):
        super(BatchNorm, self).__init__()
        if num_dims == 2:
            shape = (1, num_features)
        else:
            shape = (1, num_features, 1, 1)
        # 参与求梯度和迭代的拉伸和偏移参数，分别初始化成1和0
        self.gamma = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(shape))
        self.beta = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(shape))
        # 不参与求梯度和迭代的变量，全在内存上初始化成0
        self.moving_mean = torch.zeros(shape)
        self.moving_var = torch.zeros(shape)

    def forward(self, X):
        # 如果X不在内存上，将moving_mean和moving_var复制到X所在显存上
        if self.moving_mean.device != X.device:
            self.moving_mean = self.moving_mean.to(X.device)
            self.moving_var = self.moving_var.to(X.device)
        # 保存更新过的moving_mean和moving_var, Module实例的traning属性默认为true, 调用.eval()后设成false
        Y, self.moving_mean, self.moving_var = batch_norm(self.training,
            X, self.gamma, self.beta, self.moving_mean,
            self.moving_var, eps=1e-5, momentum=0.9)
        return Y


net = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(1, 6, 5), # in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size
            BatchNorm(6, num_dims=4),
            nn.Sigmoid(),
            nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2), # kernel_size, stride
            nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5),
            BatchNorm(16, num_dims=4),
            nn.Sigmoid(),
            nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2),
            d2l.FlattenLayer(),
            nn.Linear(16*4*4, 120),
            BatchNorm(120, num_dims=2),
            nn.Sigmoid(),
            nn.Linear(120, 84),
            BatchNorm(84, num_dims=2),
            nn.Sigmoid(),
            nn.Linear(84, 10)
        )


# 对比未使用归一化的LeNet:
# net = nn.Sequential(
#             nn.Conv2d(1, 6, 5), # in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size
#             BatchNorm(6, num_dims=4),
#             nn.Sigmoid(),
#             nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2), # kernel_size, stride
#             nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5),
#             BatchNorm(16, num_dims=4),
#             nn.Sigmoid(),
#             nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2),
#             d2l.FlattenLayer(),
#             nn.Linear(16*4*4, 120),
#             BatchNorm(120, num_dims=2),
#             nn.Sigmoid(),
#             nn.Linear(120, 84),
#             BatchNorm(84, num_dims=2),
#             nn.Sigmoid(),
#             nn.Linear(84, 10)
#         )







batch_size = 256
train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size=batch_size)

lr, num_epochs = 0.001, 5
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=lr)
d2l.train_ch5(net, train_iter, test_iter, batch_size, optimizer, device, num_epochs)

print(net[1].gamma.view((-1,)), net[1].beta.view((-1,)))

print("*"*50)