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前端 Web 与原生应用端 WebView 通信交互 - HarmonyOS Next

news 来源：原创 2024/7/3 2:35:33

基于鸿蒙 HarmonyOS Next 与前端 Vue 通信交互相关小结;
DevEco Studio NEXT Developer Preview2
Vue js

两端相互拟定好协议后,通过前端页面的点击事件,将所需的数据传输给原生移动端组件方法中,处理后将消息回传至前端.

根据官方文档的案例尝试,但没成功 ... 后经过几经尝试后两端握手成功 ... (官方文档略显粗糙,好一番折腾)

一.应用端

基于 import web_webview from '@ohos.web.webview' 并初始化 Web 组件;
调用 javaScriptProxy 方法,定义配置协议、参数和方法相关,具体可参考如下 code 片段;
name: 交互协议
object: 定义交互对象
methodList: 交互对象中所涵盖的方法,支持多个,也可以通过一个对象方法再细化多个子方法
controller: 组件

import web_webview from '@ohos.web.webview'@Entry
@Component
export struct HomePage {controller: web_webview.WebviewController = new web_webview.WebviewController()ports: web_webview.WebMessagePort[] = [];nativePort: web_webview.WebMessagePort | null = null;message: web_webview.WebMessageExt = new web_webview.WebMessageExt();// 声明注册对象@State WebCallAppMethod: WebCallAppClass = new WebCallAppClass()aboutToAppear(): void {try {// 启用网页调试功能web_webview.WebviewController.setWebDebuggingAccess(true);} catch (error) {let e: business_error.BusinessError = error as business_error.BusinessError;console.log(`Error Code: ${e.code}, Message: ${e.message}`);this.controller.refresh(); // 页面异常,刷新}}build() {Row() {Column({ space: 20 }) {Web({ src: 'http://192.168.12.108:8080', controller: this.controller }).width('100%').height('100%').backgroundColor(Color.White).multiWindowAccess(true).javaScriptAccess(true).geolocationAccess(true).imageAccess(true).onlineImageAccess(true).domStorageAccess(true).fileAccess(true).mediaPlayGestureAccess(true).mixedMode(MixedMode.All).layoutMode(WebLayoutMode.FIT_CONTENT) // 自适应布局.verticalScrollBarAccess(true).horizontalScrollBarAccess(false).cacheMode(CacheMode.Default).zoomAccess(false)// 禁止手势缩放.onConsole((event) => {console.log('[交互] - onConsole')LogUtils.info(event?.message.getMessage())return false}).onPageBegin(() => { // 页面加载中// this.registerWebJavaScript()}).onPageEnd(() => { // 页面加载完成console.log('[Web] - 页面加载完成')// this.registerWebJavaScript()}).onErrorReceive((event) => { // 异常: 无网络,页面加载错误时if (event) {console.info('getErrorInfo:' + event.error.getErrorInfo());console.info('getErrorCode:' + event.error.getErrorCode());console.info('url:' + event.request.getRequestUrl());console.info('isMainFrame:' + event.request.isMainFrame());console.info('isRedirect:' + event.request.isRedirect());console.info('isRequestGesture:' + event.request.isRequestGesture());console.info('getRequestHeader_headerKey:' + event.request.getRequestHeader().toString());let result = event.request.getRequestHeader();console.info('The request header result size is ' + result.length);for (let i of result) {console.info('The request header key is : ' + i.headerKey + ', value is : ' + i.headerValue);}}}).onHttpErrorReceive((event) => { // 异常: 网页加载资源 Http code >= 400 时if (event) {console.info('url:' + event.request.getRequestUrl());console.info('isMainFrame:' + event.request.isMainFrame());console.info('isRedirect:' + event.request.isRedirect());console.info('isRequestGesture:' + event.request.isRequestGesture());console.info('getResponseData:' + event.response.getResponseData());console.info('getResponseEncoding:' + event.response.getResponseEncoding());console.info('getResponseMimeType:' + event.response.getResponseMimeType());console.info('getResponseCode:' + event.response.getResponseCode());console.info('getReasonMessage:' + event.response.getReasonMessage());let result = event.request.getRequestHeader();console.info('The request header result size is ' + result.length);for (let i of result) {console.info('The request header key is : ' + i.headerKey + ' , value is : ' + i.headerValue);}let resph = event.response.getResponseHeader();console.info('The response header result size is ' + resph.length);for (let i of resph) {console.info('The response header key is : ' + i.headerKey + ' , value is : ' + i.headerValue);}}}).onConfirm((event) => { // 提示框处理相关AlertDialog.show({title: '温馨提示',message: event?.message,confirm: {value: 'onAlert',action: () => {event?.result.handleConfirm()}},cancel: () => {event?.result.handleCancel()}})return true;}).onShowFileSelector((event) => { // 文件上传处理相关console.log('MyFileUploader onShowFileSelector invoked');const documentSelectOptions = new picker.PhotoSelectOptions();let uri: string | null = null;const documentViewPicker = new picker.PhotoViewPicker();documentViewPicker.select(documentSelectOptions).then((documentSelectResult) => {uri = documentSelectResult[0];console.info('documentViewPicker.select to file succeed and uri is:' + uri);if (event) {event.result.handleFileList([uri]);}}).catch((err: BusinessError) => {console.error(`Invoke documentViewPicker.select failed, code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);})return true;}).javaScriptProxy({ // web call app// 对象注入 webobject: this.WebCallAppMethod,name: 'WebCallApp', // AppCallWeb WebCallAppSsss  WebCallAppmethodList: ['WebCallApp', 'CmdTest', 'CmdOpenUrl'],controller: this.controller})}.width('100%').height('100%')}}
}class WebCallAppClass {constructor() {}WebCallApp(value: string): string { // 采用该 Json 对象模式,通过解析对象中的 type 后细化对应不同的子方法console.log('[交互] --- WebCallApp - 测试')console.log(value)console.log(JSON.parse(value))return '[交互] --- WebCallApp - 测试 - 回调123123123'}CmdOpenUrl(): Object {console.log('[交互] --- WebCallApp - CmdOpenUrl');new Object({'command': '111',})return Object;}CmdTest(value: string): string {console.log('[交互] --- WebCallApp - test');console.log(value);return '[交互] --- WebCallApp - test';}
}

二.前端

前端配置有两种方式,可以通过 index.html 配置 js 后调用,也可以单独另起一个 js 类方法去适配,具体可参考如下 code 按需尝试;

方式一.通过 index.html

在项目根目录的 index.html 文件中添加如下 script 段落后,在业务所需的地方调用即可

// index.html
<script>// eruda.init()(function () {if (!window.applicationCache && typeof(Worker)=='undefined') {alert("E001-检测到您的环境不支持HTML5，程序终止运行！");//不支持HTML5return;}var global = window; // create a pointer to the window rootif (typeof WebCallAppSsss === 'undefined') {global.WebCallApp = { // 此处的 WebCallApp 与原生端 javaScriptProxy 中的 name 相互匹配// 如下方法对应的是 javaScriptProxy 中 object 对象中的方法WebCallApp: (arg) => {},CmdOpenUrl: (arg) => {},CmdTest: (arg) => {},}; // create elf root if not existed}window.WebCallAppSsss.global = global; // add a pointer to windowwindow.AMap.global = global;})();
</script>

// 业务所需的点击事件方法中调用
methods : {onClickGoBack() {let str = WebCallAppSsss.CmdTest('[交互] - 测试'); // 方式一// this.webApp.WebCallApp('CmdTest', '111111'); // 方式二Toast.success('abc');},
}

方式二.通过自定义 js

自定义 webCallApp 类,通过引入类方法调用

// WebCallApp.js
import {AppCallBacks,AppCommendBackHandlers,
} from './AppMsgHandlers'export default {WebCallApp(command,args,callback,context) {/*** 交互** 协议:command* 入参:args* 回调:callback* 参数:context* */if (typeof Elf.AppCallWeb != "undefined") {if (this.isInHarmonyOS()) { // 鸿蒙 HarmonyOS Nextconsole.log('[OpenHarmony] - ' + command);let params = {args: args, // 入参command: command // 交互协议};console.log('[鸿蒙] - 入参');console.log(params);if (typeof WebCallApp === 'undefined') {Elf.WebCallApp = {WebCallApp: (args) => {}};}window.WebCallApp.Elf = Elf;} else { // Android & iOScontext = context || window;//默认为window对象args = args || {};let  sn = null;//IOS调用相机--sn特殊处理if (command == "callCamera") {sn = "examCamera";} else {sn = this.getSerialNumber();//请求App统一加水单号}let params = {args: args,command: command};//绑定回调函数if (callback) {AppCallBacks[sn] = {callback: callback,context: context};}if (window.webkit && window.webkit.messageHandlers) {//IOSparams.sn = sn;window.webkit.messageHandlers["WebCallApp"].postMessage(JSON.stringify(params));} else if (Elf.WebCallApp) {//Androidparams.sn = sn;Elf.WebCallApp(JSON.stringify(params));} else {}}}},isInApp() {if (typeof Elf.AppCallWeb != "undefined") {return !!((window.webkit && window.webkit.messageHandlers) || typeof Elf.WebCallApp == "function" || typeof Elf.WebCallCef == "function");}},isInIOS() {return window.webkit && window.webkit.messageHandlers;},isInAndroid() {if (typeof Elf.AppCallWeb != "undefined") {return typeof Elf.WebCallApp == "function";}},isInHarmonyOS() {if (navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().indexOf('openharmony') !== -1) {return true;} else {return false;}},getSerialNumber() {var uuid = this.UUID(3,8);return new Date().format("yyyyMMddhhmmssS") + uuid;},UUID(len,radix) {var chars = '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'.split('');var uuid = [],i;radix = radix || chars.length;if (len) {for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {uuid[i] = chars[0 | Math.random() * radix];}} else {var r;uuid[8] = uuid[13] = uuid[18] = uuid[23] = '-';uuid[14] = '4';for (i = 0; i < 36; i++) {if (!uuid[i]) {r = 0 | Math.random() * 16;uuid[i] = chars[(i == 19) ? (r & 0x3) | 0x8 : r];}}}return uuid.join('');},
}

/* eslint-disable */
// AppMsgHandlers
import webApp from './index';/*** app对接* 移动端种植Elf对象* window => Elf* */
(function () {if (!window.applicationCache&&typeof(Worker)=='undefined') {alert("E001-检测到您的环境不支持HTML5，程序终止运行！");//不支持HTML5return;}var global = window;//create a pointer to the window rootif (typeof Elf === 'undefined') {global.Elf = {};//create elf root if not existed}Elf.global = global;//add a pointer to window
})();var AppCallBacks = {},//动态数据流水列表AppCommendBackHandlers = [],//APP后退监听事件列表APPCommendBookStateHandlers = [],//下载状态监听事件列表AppCommendRefreshHandlers = [],//刷新监听事件列表APPCommendAddToBookShelfHandlers = [],//添加到书架监听事件列表APPCommendAddToObtainedBookHandlers = [],//添加到已获得图书列表监听APPCommendReBackHandlers = [],//监听重新回到页面通知AppCommendNetworkHandlers = [],//监听网络链接状态AppCommendAppStartingHandlers = [],//监听APP进入后台运行AppCommendAppReactivateHandlers = [],//监听APP重新进入前台运行AppCommendScreenShotss = [],//监听手机截屏AppCommendKeyboardBounceUp = [];//监听移动端软键盘事件if (typeof Elf != "undefined") {Elf.AppCallWeb = (sn,result) => {if (result && typeof result == "string") {result = decodeURIComponent(result.replace(/\+/g,'%20'));try {result = JSON.parse(result);//解决空格变成+的问题} catch (error) {AppCallBacks[sn].callback.call(AppCallBacks[sn].context,result);return;}if (result.sn) {AppCallBacks[sn].callback.call(AppCallBacks[sn].context,result.QrCode);return;}}if (AppCallBacks[sn]) {if (JSON.parse(result.opFlag)) {//执行对应回调AppCallBacks[sn].callback.call(AppCallBacks[sn].context,(typeof result.serviceResult == "string") ? JSON.parse(result.serviceResult) : result.serviceResult);} else {//接口调用返回失败信息，统一处理错误消息Toast(result.errorMessage ? result.errorMessage : "服务器异常！");}//调用完成删除对象delete AppCallBacks[sn];} else if (AppMsgHandlers[sn] && typeof AppMsgHandlers[sn] == "function") {//处理消息通知AppMsgHandlers[sn].call(window,result);}};
}export {AppCallBacks,AppCommendBackHandlers
}

业务方法调用

// 业务所需的点击事件方法中调用
methods : {onClickGoBack() {// let str = WebCallAppSsss.CmdTest('[交互] - 测试'); // 方式一this.webApp.WebCallApp('CmdTest', '111111'); // 方式二Toast.success('abc');},
}

以上便是此次分享的全部内容，希望能对大家有所帮助！