centos8 安装python3、pip、pyinstaller

centos8安装python3
安装python3：https://www.cnblogs.com/qq931399960/p/11664594.html

```bash
# 步骤：1、输入python3看有没有 
# 2、使用yum -y install python 安装 
# 3、指定版本安装：yum -y install python39
[root@localhost ~]# python3
-bash: python3: command not found
[root@localhost ~]# python
-bash: python: command not found
[root@localhost ~]# whereis python
python: /usr/lib/python3.6 /usr/lib64/python3.6 /usr/include/python3.6m /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install python
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Last metadata expiration check: 1:57:22 ago on Tue 18 Jun 2024 09:25:45 AM CST.
No match for argument: python
There are following alternatives for "python": python2, python36, python38, python39
Error: Unable to find a match: python
# 需要指定版本
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install python39
# 安装省略
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Complete!

在这里插入代码片

安装pyinstall
[安装pyinstaller](https://www.jianshu.com/p/1614723f3197)第一种方法：下载PyInstaller进行安装
```cpp
wget -c https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller/releases/download/v3.3.1/PyInstaller-3.3.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf PyInstaller-3.3.1.tar.gz
python setup.py install
pyinstaller --version

第一种方法：使用pip安装（推荐）

centos8 python3安装 pyinstaller
在CentOS 8上安装Python 3和PyInstaller，你可以按照以下步骤操作：首先，确保系统已安装了Python 3。如果没有安装，可以使用以下命令安装Python 3：sudo dnf install python3
接下来，安装PyInstaller。你可以使用pip，但首先需要确保你有pip3：sudo dnf install python3-pip
然后，使用pip3安装PyInstaller：pip3 install pyinstaller
验证PyInstaller是否安装成功：pyinstaller --version
如果你遇到权限问题，请确保你有正确的权限来安装软件包，或者使用sudo执行命令。如果PyInstaller不是通过Python 3的pip安装的，你可能需要使用pip3来安装。

报错解决

1、缺少gcc、clang、icc
No precompiled bootloader found or compile forced. Trying to compile the bootloader for you ...Setting top to                           : /tmp/pip-build-_sw7c23l/pyinstaller/bootloaderSetting out to                           : /tmp/pip-build-_sw7c23l/pyinstaller/bootloader/buildPython Version                           : 3.6.8 (default, Sep 10 2021, 09:13:53) [GCC 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-3)]Checking for 'gcc' (C compiler)          : not foundChecking for 'clang' (C compiler)        : not foundChecking for 'icc' (C compiler)          : not foundcould not configure a C compiler!(complete log in /tmp/pip-build-_sw7c23l/pyinstaller/bootloader/build/config.log)ERROR: Failed compiling the bootloader. Please compile manually and rerun setup.py----------------------------------------Failed building wheel for pyinstallerRunning setup.py clean for pyinstaller
Failed to build pyinstaller
Installing collected packages: altgraph, pyinstaller-hooks-contrib, typing-extensions, zipp, importlib-metadata, pyinstallerRunning setup.py install for pyinstaller ... error

解决方法：

 yum -y install gccyum -y install make zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool openssl openssl-devel
yum -y install clang
yum -y install icc

更换pip源

修改 /etc/pip.conf 文件：1.执行命令：vi /etc/pip.conf 编辑 pip.conf 配置文件2.按下 i 键插入，输入如下内容，按下 esc，:wq 保存退出

[global]
index-url=https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

此时使用 pip 下载第三方包时就会使用配置好的 pip 源进行下载：

[root@localhost py]# pip3 install flask
WARNING: Running pip install with root privileges is generally not a good idea. Try `pip3 install --user` instead.
Collecting flaskDownloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/cd/77/59df23681f4fd19b7cbbb5e92484d46ad587554f5d490f33ef907e456132/Flask-2.0.3-py3-none-any.whl (95kB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 102kB 293kB/s
Collecting itsdangerous>=2.0 (from flask)

pyinstaller打包

默认打包命令，进入到需要打包的目录下

#打包命令，等待打包完成后
pyinstaller main.py

进入到dist目录下

cd /dist/main
# 运行
./main
# 结果：
[root@localhost main]# ./main* Serving Flask app 'main' (lazy loading)* Environment: productionWARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.Use a production WSGI server instead.* Debug mode: off* Running on all addresses.WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.* Running on http://192.168.145.129:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
指定的服务器地址和端口：app.run(host='0.0.0.0',port=5000)

编写测试python程序
vim test.py

#!/usr/bin/python -w
# -*- coding:utf8 -*-import osdef main():print("print the result of 'ls -al':")print("这是一个测试代码")os.system("ls -al")if __name__ == '__main__':main()

使用python程序直接调用该程序，结果如下：

[root@localhost soft]# python3 test.py
print the result of 'ls -al':
这是一个测试的python
总用量 3392
drwxr-xr-x.  6 root root     139 6月  17 20:31 .
drwxr-xr-x. 15 root root     170 6月  17 20:07 ..
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root      18 6月  17 20:31 build
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root      18 6月  17 20:31 dist
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root      33 6月  17 20:31 __pycache__
drwxr-xr-x.  9 1000 1000    4096 6月  17 20:15 PyInstaller-3.3.1
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 3458638 12月  7 2021 PyInstaller-3.3.1.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root     214 6月  17 20:13 test.py
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root     709 6月  17 20:31 test.spec

大写的-F表示生成单一文件。

pyinstaller -F test.py

运行结果：

[root@localhost soft]# pyinstaller -F test.py
29 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.3.1
29 INFO: Python: 3.6.8
4630 INFO: Building EXE from out00-EXE.toc completed successfully.

查看目录：

[root@localhost soft]# ll
总用量 8
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root  18 6月  17 20:31 build
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  18 6月  17 20:31 dist
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  33 6月  17 20:31 __pycache__
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 214 6月  17 20:13 test.py
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 709 6月  17 20:31 test.spec

dist就是打包结果目录，进入直接运行：

[root@localhost soft]# cd dist/
[root@localhost dist]# ll
总用量 6156
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6300160 6月  17 20:31 test
[root@localhost dist]# ./test
print the result of 'ls -al':
这是一个测试的python
总用量 6156
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root      18 6月  17 20:31 .
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root      82 6月  17 20:36 ..
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6300160 6月  17 20:31 test

docker打包python程序
docker打包python程序：https://developer.baidu.com/article/details/2805093

详细：https://www.jb51.net/python/3144726ij.htm

全过程：
https://blog.csdn.net/zxstone/article/details/138638918?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2_defaultbaidujs_baidulandingword~default-8-138638918-blog-130821367.235^v43pc_blog_bottom_relevance_base8&spm=1001.2101.3001.4242.5&utm_relevant_index=11