NEEP-EN2-2019-Text4
英二-2019-Text4摘自赫芬顿邮报《The Huffington Post》2018年6月的一篇名为“Let’s Stop Pretending Quitting Straws Will Solve Plastic Pollution”的文章。
以下为个人解析,非官方公开标准资料,可能有误,仅供参考。(单词解释仅摘出部分词性和意思)
Paragraph 1
-
Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy to beat plastic.
- 翻译:S(阿诺德 施瓦辛格), M(迪亚 莫扎), G(阿德里安 格兰尼) 有一个信息给你:打败塑料是容易的。
- 解释:
beat
v.
击败、打plastic
n.
塑料、信用卡
-
They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day — encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastics crisis.
- 翻译:他们是一部为世界环境日而拍摄的视频中参演的大批名人中的一部分,该视频鼓励消费者换掉你们的一次性塑料用品来对抗塑料品危机。
- 解释:
bunch
n.
大量、大批celebrities
n.
名人、名流(复数),原形celebrity
starring
n.
主演、担任主角(现在分词),原形star
v.
主演、担任主角、标星号,n.
明星、恒星、星号等encourage
v.
鼓励consumer
n.
消费者swap
v.
交换single-use
一次使用,一次性的staple
n.
订书钉,但在经济中指主要的、基本的、不可或缺的东西combat
v.
防止、抑制、与…战斗crisis
n.
危机
Paragraph 2
-
The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics.
- 翻译:为世界环境日视频所收集的关键信息,包括呼吁政府立法来遏制一次性塑料而通话。
- 解释:
put together
组合、整合到一起call for
这个短语表示呼吁enact
v.
通过,进行,发生legislation
n.
立法curb
v.
遏制、抑制
-
But the overarching message is directed at individuals.
- 翻译:但首要的信息是针对个人的。
- 解释:
overarching
adj.
首要的,非常重要的,原形overarch
direct
v.
对准、指示、指导、指挥,direct at
针对individual
n.
个人
36)Some celebrities star in a new video to ___.
译:一些明星在视频中怎么样?
[A] demand new laws on the use of plastics
译:要求使用塑料的新法律
[B] urge consumers to cut the use of plastics
译:催促消费者断掉塑料使用
[C] invite public opinion on the plastics crisis
译:征求公众意见(塑料品危机)
[D] disclose the causes of the plastics crisis
译:公开塑料品危机的原因
Paragraph 3
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My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved.
- 翻译:然而,我为将责任交给于个人而感到担忧的是我们对需要完成的事情的有限认知。
- 解释:
concern
v.
担忧leave it up to
表示将决定权或责任交给…my concen ... is ...
我的担忧是…limited
adj.
有限的,sense
n.
感觉、意识、认识archieve
v.
完成、实现
-
On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us.
- 翻译:单独来看,例如,带着我们自己的包去杂货铺或者放弃塑料吸管,能够起到的作用很小,同时对我们的要求也很低。
- 解释:
on their own
单独来看grocery
n.
杂货铺quitting
原形quit
v.
离开、停止、戒掉straw
n.
吸管accomplish
v.
完成require
v.
要求
-
They could even be harmful, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions — a kind of “moral licensing” that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.
- 翻译:满足于“尽自己的绵薄之力”的需求,而没有进一步采取更大、更显著、更加有效的行动,这样甚至可能是有害的 — 这是一种能够缓解我们的忧虑并且阻止我们采取更多行动以及向当局提出更多要求的“道德许可”。
- 解释:
harmful
adj.
有害的satisfying
n.
满足,原形satisfy
v.
满足,使满意progress
v.
进展、进步、前进bolder
adj.
明显的effective
adj.
有效的a kind of
一种…moral
adj.
道德的licensing
n.
许可,原形license
v.
许可ease
v.
减轻、缓解、使容易,easy
adj.
容易的、轻松的concern
n.
担忧ask more
要求(讨要)更多…in charge
负责、主管- 这句话想表达:当我们完成一些小事后,自我感觉良好,认为自己已经做了一份贡献,进而对于进一步行动或对权力人士提出更多要求的动力减弱,这样反而并不好。
37)The author is concerned that “moral licensing” may ___.
译:作者担忧“道德许可”可能会?
[A] mislead us into doing worthless things
译:误导我们做一些没有什么价值的事情
[B] prevent us from making further efforts
译:妨碍我们做出进一步的努力
[C] weaken our sense of accomplishment
译:虚弱我们的成就感
[D] suppress our desire for success
译:压抑我对成功的渴望
Paragraph 4
- While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.
- 翻译:然而,围绕我们的环境和我的责任的话题仍然聚焦在购物袋和吸管上,我们忽视权力的平衡,作为“消费者”我们必须可持续性地购物,而作为“市民”要求我们的政府和企业负责去推动真实的系统性改变。
- 解释:
while
然而,放在句首表示转折straw
n.
吸管implies
v.
表明、说明、暗示,原形imply
sustainably
adv.
可持续地account to
负责…systemic
adj.
系统的、系统性的
38)By pointing out our identity as “citizens”, the author indicates that ___.
译:通过指出我们作为“市民”的身份,作者暗示什么?
[A] our focus should be shifted to community welfare
译:我们的焦点应该转向社会福利
[B] our relationship with local industries is improving
译:我们和当地企业的关系正在改善
[C] we have been actively exercising our civil rights
译:我们已经行使了公民的权利
[D] we should press our governments to lead the combat
译:我们应该向政府施压,让他们去领导斗争
Paragraph 5
-
It’s important to acknowledged that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority — or even most
people’s.- 翻译:承认环境不是任何一个人的优先事项,甚至不是大多数人的优先事项,这很重要。
- 解释:
acknowledge
v.
承认priority
n.
优先事项
-
We shouldn’t expect it to be.
- 翻译:我们不应该期望它变成这样。
- 解释:
expect
v.
期望、指望
-
In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R.DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.
- 翻译:韦尔斯利学院教授Elizabeth R.DeSombre,在她最新的《为何好人会破坏环境》书中提到,最好的方式去共同改变大量人的行为是为了结构上的改变。
- 解释:
lastest
adj.
最新的Wellesley College
韦尔斯利学院professor
n.
教授the best way to
最好的方式去做什么collectively
adv.
共同地、集体地behavior
n.
行为,behave
v.
表现得…be for
表示目的或目标,它与后面的 “the change (to be structural)” 这个不定式短语一起构成一个目的状语,表明改变的目的是为了使其成为结构性的structural
adj.
结构的
Paragraph 6
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This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether.
- 翻译:这可能意味着要实施政策,例如增加一个环境问题行为的塑料税收,或者禁用全部一次性塑料品。
- 解释:
implement
v.
实施policy
n.
政策tax
n.
税cost
n.
费用、代价environmentally
adv.
与环境有关地,environmental
adj.
与环境有关的,environment
n.
环境problematic
adj.
成问题的、造成困难的,problem
n.
问题,problematical
adj.
问题的、产生问题的、造成困难的ban
v.
禁止altogether
adv.
总共、全部
-
India has just announced it will eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.
- 翻译:印度宣布到2022年将会消除国内所有的一次性塑料。
- 解释:
India
n.
印度eliminate
v.
消除by + 时间
到XXX
-
There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.
- 翻译:有一些基于激励的能使环境变好的而且容易些的办法,比如确保回收利用至少和垃圾处理一样容易。
- 解释:
incentive
adj.
奖励性的,n.
激励、奖励、动机ensure
v.
确保recycle
v.
回收利用at least
至少trash
n.
垃圾disposal
n.
处理
Paragraph 7
-
DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment.
- 翻译:DeSombre不是说人们应该停止关心环境。
- 解释:
stop doing sth.
停止做某事,stop 后面跟的是名词,所以要用动名词形式caring
v.
关心(现在分词),原形care
-
It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.
- 翻译:只是说个人的行为如果成为唯一的,甚至是当成主要的方法来改变广泛的行为,这样(见效)太慢了,她说,
- 解释:
individual
adj.
个人的primary
adj.
主要的widespread
adj.
广泛的It's just that
它只是…,它指的是 DeSombre 所表达的观点for that
中的that
是指individual actions
,to be the only, or even primary
成为唯一的,甚至是主要的approach to
是一个短语,表示对待或处理某事的方式或方法。
Paragraph 8
-
None of this is about writing off the individual.
- 翻译:这一切都不是要排除个体。
- 解释:
writing off
是一个英语短语,意思是放弃、摒弃或不予考虑
-
It’s just about putting things into perspective.
- 翻译:只是客观地看待事物。
- 解释:
perspective
n.
客观看法
-
We don’t have time to wait.
- 翻译:我们没有时间来等待。
-
We need progressive policies that shape collective action,alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.
- 翻译:我们需要能够引导集体行为的稳步政策,与积极参与的公民一起推动改变。
- 解释:
progressive
adj.
逐步的、稳步的shape
v.
引导、设计、塑造alongside
adv.
与…一起、同时engage
v.
从事于、忙于citizen
n.
公民
39)DeSombre argue that the best way for a collective change should be ___.
译:DeSombre 表示为了集体改变的最佳方法应该是?
[A] a win-win arrangement
译:一个双赢的约定/安排
[B] a self-driven mechanism
译:一个自我驱动的机械装置
[C] a cost-effective approach
译:一个性价比高的方法
[D] a top-down process
译:一个自上而下的过程
40)The author concludes that individual efforts ____.
译:作者得出结论:个人的努力?
[A] can be too aggressive
译:太过于激进
[B] can be too inconsistent
译:过于不一致
[C] are far from sufficient
译:远远不够
[D] are far from rational
译:远不合理