【Python】文本对齐方式

一、题目

In Python, a string of test can be aligned left, right and cneter.

.ljust(width)

This method returns a left aligned string of length width.

>>> width = 20

>>> print 'HackerRank'.ljust(width,'-')

HackerRank----------

 .center(width)

This method returns a centered string of length width.

>>> width = 20

>>> print 'HackerRank'.center(width,'-')

-----HackerRank-----

.rjust(width)

This method returns a right aligned string of length width.

>>> width = 20
>>> print 'HackerRank'.rjust(width,'-')
----------HackerRank

Task 

You are given a partial code that is used for generating the HackerRank Logo of variable thickness.

Sample Input

5

Sample Output

    H    HHH   HHHHH  HHHHHHH 
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH   HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH   HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH   HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH  HHHHH   HHH    H     

二、代码

# Replace all ______ with rjust, ljust or center.# This must be an odd number
thickness = int(input())
c = 'H'# Top Cone
for i in range(thickness):print((c*i).rjust(thickness-1)+c+(c*i).ljust(thickness-1))# Top Pillars
for i in range(thickness+1):print((c*thickness).center(thickness*2)+(c*thickness).center(thickness*6))# Middle Belt
for i in range((thickness+1)//2):print((c*thickness*5).center(thickness*6))# Bottom Pillars
for i in range(thickness+1):print((c*thickness).center(thickness*2)+(c*thickness).center(thickness*6))# Bottom Cone
for i in range(thickness):print(((c*(thickness-i-1)).rjust(thickness)+c+(c*(thickness-i-1)).ljust(thickness)).rjust(thickness*6))

三、解读

题目要求打印一个HackerRank Logo，Logo的厚度由用户输入的奇数决定。

thickness = int(input())

• 用户输入厚度值，并转换成整数，请注意这里需要输入奇数。 

c = 'H'

• 定义一个字符c，并设置为'H'

# Top Cone
for i in range(thickness):print((c * i).rjust(thickness - 1) + c + (c * i).ljust(thickness - 1))

• 这部分代码打印Logo的顶部圆锥部分。
• for i in range(thickness) : 确定圆锥的行数（厚度）
• (c * i).rjust(thickness - 1) 生成 i 个 'H' 字符并右对齐到 thickness - 1 的宽度。
• c 是中间的单个'H'字符
• (c * i).ljust(thickness - 1) 生成 i 个 'H' 字符并左对齐到 thickness - 1 的宽度
• 这些部分合并后打印成顶部圆锥的形状

# Top Cone

thickness = 5
for i in range(thickness):print((c * i).rjust(thickness - 1))

    HHHHHH
HHHH

thickness = 5
for i in range(thickness):print((c * i).rjust(thickness - 1) + c)

    HHHHHHHHHH
HHHHH

thickness = 5
for i in range(thickness):print((c * i).rjust(thickness-1) + c + (c * i).ljust(thickness - 1))

    H    HHH   HHHHH  HHHHHHH 
HHHHHHHHH

# Top Pillars
for i in range(thickness + 1):print((c * thickness) * center(thickness * 2) + (c * thickness).center(thickness * 6))

• 这部分代码打印Logo的顶部支柱部分
• for i in range(thickness + 1) ：循环从 0 到 thickness
• (c * thickness).center(thickness * 2) ：生成 thickness 个 'H' 字符并居中对齐到 thickness * 2 的宽度
• (c * thickness).center(thickness * 6) ：生成 thickness 个 'H' 字符并居中对齐到 thickness * 6 的宽度，这用于在支柱之间添加空格。
• 这些部分合并后打印成顶部支柱的形状。

# Top Pillars

print((c * thickness) * center(thickness * 2) + (c * thickness).center(thickness * 6))

thickness = 5
for i in range(thickness + 1):print((c * thickness) * center(thickness * 2))

  HHHHH   HHHHH   HHHHH   HHHHH   HHHHH   HHHHH   

thickness = 5
for i in range(thickness + 1):print((c * thickness) * center(thickness * 2) + (c * thickness).center(thickness * 6))

  HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH             

# Middle Belt
for i in range((thickness + 1) // 2):print((c * thickness * 5).center(thickness * 6))

•  这部分代码打印 Logo 的中间腰带部分。
• for i in range((thickness+1)//2): 循环从 0 到 (thickness + 1) // 2 - 1，确保中间腰带的行数是奇数。
• (c*thickness*5).center(thickness*6) 生成 thickness * 5 个 'H' 字符并居中对齐到 thickness * 6 的宽度。

# Middle Belt

print((c * thickness * 5).center(thickness * 6))

thickness = 5
for i in range((thickness + 1)//2):print((c * thickness * 5).center(thickness * 6))

  HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH   HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH   HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH   

# Bottom Pillars
for i in range(thickness + 1):print((c * thickness).center(thickness * 2) + (c * thickness).center(thickness * 6))

•  这部分代码打印 Logo 的底部支柱部分，与顶部支柱类似。
• for i in range(thickness+1): 循环从 0 到 thickness。
• (c*thickness).center(thickness*2) 和 (c*thickness).center(thickness*6) 分别用于打印支柱和支柱之间的空格。

# Bottom Pillars

thickness = 5
for i in range(thickness + 1):print((c * thickness).center(thickness * 2))

  HHHHH   HHHHH   HHHHH   HHHHH   HHHHH   HHHHH   

thickness = 5
for i in range(thickness + 1):print((c * thickness).center(thickness * 2) + (c * thickness).center(thickness * 6))

  HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH             HHHHH               HHHHH            

# Bottom Cone
for i in range(thickness):print(((c * (thickness - i - 1)).rjust(thickness) + c + (c * (thickness - i - 1)).ljust(thickness)).rjust(thickness * 6))

• 这部分代码打印 Logo 的底部圆锥部分。
• for i in range(thickness): 循环从 0 到 thickness - 1。
• (c*(thickness-i-1)).rjust(thickness) 生成 (thickness - i - 1) 个 'H' 字符并右对齐到 thickness 的宽度。
• c 是中间的单个 'H' 字符。
• (c*(thickness-i-1)).ljust(thickness) 生成 (thickness - i - 1) 个 'H' 字符并左对齐到 thickness 的宽度。
• 这些部分合并后，整体再使用 rjust(thickness*6) 右对齐到 thickness * 6 的宽度，确保底部圆锥与顶部圆锥对齐。

# Bottom Cone

thickness = 5
for i in range(thickness):print((c * (thickness - i - 1)).rjust(thickness))

 HHHHHHHHHH

thickness = 5
for i in range(thickness):print((c * (thickness - i - 1)).rjust(thickness) + c)

 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH

thickness = 5
for i in range(thickness):print((c * (thickness - i - 1)).rjust(thickness) + c + (c * (thickness - i - 1)).ljust(thickness))

 HHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH  HHHHH   HHH    H     

thickness = 5
for i in range(thickness):print(((c * (thickness - i - 1)).rjust(thickness) + c + (c * (thickness - i - 1)).ljust(thickness)).rjust(thickness * 6))

                    HHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH  HHHHH   HHH    H