STM32是使用的内部时钟还是外部时钟
STM32是使用的内部时钟还是外部时钟，经常会有人问这个问题。
1、先了解时钟树，见下图：
2、在MDK中，使用的是HSE+PLL作为SYSCLK，因此需要对时钟配置寄存器（RCC_CFGR）进行配置，寄存器内容如下：
根据时钟树，需要对时钟配置寄存器（RCC_CFGR）的PLLXTPRE(bit17)，PLLSRC(bit16)，PLLMUL[3:0](bit21:18)，SW[1:0](bit1:0)进行配置。
#define RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE ((uint32_t)0x00020000)
// RCC_CFGR）的PLLXTPRE(bit17)
#define RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC_HSE ((uint32_t)0x00010000)
//令PLLSRC=1选择HSE时钟源
#define RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL9 ((uint32_t)0x001C0000)
//令PLLMUL=7,设置PLL乘法因子为9
#define RCC_CFGR_SW_PLL ((uint32_t)0x00000002) // SW选择PLL作为系统时钟源
static void SetSysClockTo72(void)
{
__IO uint32_t StartUpCounter = 0, HSEStatus = 0;
/* SYSCLK, HCLK, PCLK2 and PCLK1 configuration ---------------------------*/
/* Enable HSE */
RCC->CR |= ((uint32_t)RCC_CR_HSEON); //使能HSE外部时钟
/* Wait till HSE is ready and if Time out is reached exit */
do
{
HSEStatus = RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY;
StartUpCounter++;
} while((HSEStatus == 0) && (StartUpCounter != HSE_STARTUP_TIMEOUT));
if ((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY) != RESET)
{
HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x01;
}
else
{
HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x00;
}
if (HSEStatus == (uint32_t)0x01)
{
/* Enable Prefetch Buffer */
FLASH->ACR |= FLASH_ACR_PRFTBE;
/* Flash 2 wait state */
FLASH->ACR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~FLASH_ACR_LATENCY);
FLASH->ACR |= (uint32_t)FLASH_ACR_LATENCY_2;
/*设置AHB分频器的值为0,则HCLK = SYSCLK=72MHz */
RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_HPRE_DIV1;
/*设置APB2分频器的值为0,则 PCLK2 = HCLK= SYSCLK=72MHz */
RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_PPRE2_DIV1;
/*设置APB1分频器的值为2,则PCLK1 = HCLK/2=36MHz */
RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_PPRE1_DIV2;
#ifdef STM32F10X_CL
/* Configure PLLs ------------------------------------------------------*/
/* PLL2 configuration: PLL2CLK = (HSE / 5) * 8 = 40 MHz */
/* PREDIV1 configuration: PREDIV1CLK = PLL2 / 5 = 8 MHz */
RCC->CFGR2 &= (uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV2 | RCC_CFGR2_PLL2MUL |
RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1 | RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1SRC);
RCC->CFGR2 |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV2_DIV5 | RCC_CFGR2_PLL2MUL8 |
RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1SRC_PLL2 | RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1_DIV5);
/* Enable PLL2 */
RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLL2ON;
/* Wait till PLL2 is ready */
while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLL2RDY) == 0)
{
}
/* PLL configuration: PLLCLK = PREDIV1 * 9 = 72 MHz */
RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE | RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC | RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL);
RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE_PREDIV1 | RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC_PREDIV1 |
RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL9);
#else
/* PLL configuration: PLLCLK = HSE * 9 = 72 MHz */
RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC | RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE |
RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL));
//利用RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE 将PLLXTPRE=0,HSE输入时钟不用分频
RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC_HSE | RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL9);
// RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC_HSE令PLLSRC=1选择HSE时钟源
// RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL9令PLLMUL=7,设置PLL乘法因子为9
//至此外部晶振为8MHz，到这里就是72MHz了
#endif /* STM32F10X_CL */
/* Enable PLL */
RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLLON;
/* Wait till PLL is ready */
while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLLRDY) == 0)
{
}
/* Select PLL as system clock source */
RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_SW));
RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SW_PLL;
// SW选择PLL作为系统时钟源
/* Wait till PLL is used as system clock source */
while ((RCC->CFGR & (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SWS) != (uint32_t)0x08)
{
}
}
else
{ /* If HSE fails to start-up, the application will have wrong clock
configuration. User can add here some code to deal with this error */
}
}
3、系统是怎么调用SetSysClockTo72()
STM32默认是使用HSI内部RC 8MHz启动的，上电复位会执行Reset_Handler，见下图：
在Reset_Handler中，有一个SystemInit，就是C语言的SystemInit()函数，复位中断执行结束后则跳转到main()，SystemInit()函数原型如下：
void SystemInit (void)
{
/* Reset the RCC clock configuration to the default reset state(for debug purpose) */
/* Set HSION bit */
RCC->CR |= (uint32_t)0x00000001;
/* Reset SW, HPRE, PPRE1, PPRE2, ADCPRE and MCO bits */
#ifndef STM32F10X_CL
RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)0xF8FF0000;
#else
RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)0xF0FF0000;
#endif /* STM32F10X_CL */
/* Reset HSEON, CSSON and PLLON bits */
RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xFEF6FFFF;
/* Reset HSEBYP bit */
RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xFFFBFFFF;
/* Reset PLLSRC, PLLXTPRE, PLLMUL and USBPRE/OTGFSPRE bits */
RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)0xFF80FFFF;
#ifdef STM32F10X_CL
/* Reset PLL2ON and PLL3ON bits */
RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xEBFFFFFF;
/* Disable all interrupts and clear pending bits */
RCC->CIR = 0x00FF0000;
/* Reset CFGR2 register */
RCC->CFGR2 = 0x00000000;
#elif defined (STM32F10X_LD_VL) || defined (STM32F10X_MD_VL) || (defined STM32F10X_HD_VL)
/* Disable all interrupts and clear pending bits */
RCC->CIR = 0x009F0000;
/* Reset CFGR2 register */
RCC->CFGR2 = 0x00000000;
#else
/* Disable all interrupts and clear pending bits */
RCC->CIR = 0x009F0000;
#endif /* STM32F10X_CL */
#if defined (STM32F10X_HD) || (defined STM32F10X_XL) || (defined STM32F10X_HD_VL)
#ifdef DATA_IN_ExtSRAM
SystemInit_ExtMemCtl();
#endif /* DATA_IN_ExtSRAM */
#endif
/* Configure the System clock frequency, HCLK, PCLK2 and PCLK1 prescalers */
/* Configure the Flash Latency cycles and enable prefetch buffer */
SetSysClock();//设置系统时钟
#ifdef VECT_TAB_SRAM
SCB->VTOR = SRAM_BASE | VECT_TAB_OFFSET; /* Vector Table Relocation in Internal SRAM. */
#else
SCB->VTOR = FLASH_BASE | VECT_TAB_OFFSET; /* Vector Table Relocation in Internal FLASH. */
#endif
}
static void SetSysClock(void)
{
#ifdef SYSCLK_FREQ_HSE
SetSysClockToHSE();
#elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_24MHz
SetSysClockTo24();
#elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_36MHz
SetSysClockTo36();
#elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_48MHz
SetSysClockTo48();
#elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_56MHz
SetSysClockTo56();
#elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_72MHz
SetSysClockTo72();
//由于在“Options for Target 'CAN Slave'”中定义了STM32F10X_MD，所以程序会执行这条语句配置系统时钟
#endif
/* If none of the define above is enabled, the HSI is used as System clock
source (default after reset) */
}
程序调用SetSysClockTo72()的说明如下：
在“Options for Target 'CAN Slave'”中定义了STM32F10X_MD，见下图：
因此，在MAK-ARM中，会调用SetSysClockTo72()这个函数，从而实现对系统的配置。
4、HSE,HIS和PLL时钟启动和工作状态
MDK已经写好了，就不要去逐句理解了。我们的目的是会使用，因此，只要重点掌握CPU是从HSI时钟切换到HSE，使用PLL使用作为系统时钟，就可以了。如果你想做低功耗，就需要你自己去深入学习时钟树和内部寄存器的用法。
5、配置后的时钟树
