阿里云OSS文件存储

参考

阿里云java的sdk官方示例代码

前端不暴露ak/sk直接上传阿里云oss的方案

前端直传阿里云OSS

阿里云 OSS 客户端直传 Policy 模式使用
服务端签名直传并设置上传回调官方文档Java

使用阿里云STS临时token完成阿里云OSS图片上传（Springboot+Vue）
使用STS临时访问凭证通过客户端直连OSS对象存储服务器
使用STS临时访问凭证访问OSS-官方文档
阿里云OSS STS最佳实践，看这一篇就够了
前端通过STS方式直传至阿里云OSS（包含文件上传、下载和自动刷新stsToken）

准备

创建bucket

endpoint 和 bucket域名的访问路径

endpoint 和 bucket域名的访问路径

AccessKey和OSS的开发文档

创建AccessKey（图中点击进去即可创建）和查看OSS的开发文档

开发文档

AccessKey

Springboot整合OSS

引入依赖

<dependency><groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId><artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId><version>3.17.4</version>
</dependency>

AliyunOssConfig

@EnableConfigurationProperties(AliyunOssProperties.class)
@Component
public class AliyunOssConfig {@Autowiredprivate AliyunOssProperties aliyunOssProperties;@Beanpublic OSS ossClient() {OSS oss = new OSSClientBuilder().build(aliyunOssProperties.getEndpoint(),aliyunOssProperties.getAccessKeyId(),aliyunOssProperties.getSecretAccessKey());return oss;}}

AliyunOssProperties

@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "oss")
public class AliyunOssProperties {private String endpoint;private String accessKeyId;private String secretAccessKey;// 上传到哪个桶private String bucketName;// 上传的桶中的文件的访问域名private String bucketDomain;}

applicatioin.yml

oss:accessKeyId: ~~~secretAccessKey: ~~~endpoint: https://oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.combucketName: zzhua-oss-bucket2bucketDomain: https://${oss.bucketName}.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com

简单上传和下载

@SpringBootTest(classes = MinioApp.class)
public class TestOssApp {@Autowiredprivate OSSClient ossClient;@Autowiredprivate AliyunOssProperties aliyunOssProperties;// 流式上传@Testvoid testStreamUpload() throws Exception {String filePath= "C:\\Users\\zzhua195\\Desktop\\soft-dev.png";File file = new File(filePath);InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);String objectName = file.getName();// 创建PutObjectRequest对象。PutObjectRequest putObjectRequest = new PutObjectRequest(aliyunOssProperties.getBucketName(),objectName,inputStream);// 创建PutObject请求。PutObjectResult result = ossClient.putObject(putObjectRequest);System.out.println(file.getName());// 注意需要关闭 阻止公共访问, 读写权限改为公共读// 如: https://zzhua-oss-bucket2.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/soft-dev.pngSystem.out.println("访问路径为: " + aliyunOssProperties.getBucketDomain() + "/" + objectName);}// 流式下载@Testvoid testStreamDownload() throws Exception {String filePath= "C:\\Users\\zzhua195\\Desktop\\soft-dev1111.png";File file = new File(filePath);try {OSSObject ossObject = null;ossObject = ossClient.getObject(aliyunOssProperties.getBucketName(), "soft-dev.png");FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);StreamUtils.copy(ossObject.getObjectContent(), fos);fos.close();} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println("获取资源失败");}}
}

使用签名URL进行临时授权访问

bucket开启阻止公共访问, 读写权限设置为私有, 此时直接使用{bucketDomain}/{objectName}无法直接访问资源。此时，需要生成1个url, 并且携带签名信息才能访问

@Test
void testGeneratedSignedUrl() {String objectName = "20240825/soft-dev.png";GeneratePresignedUrlRequest generatePresignedUrlReq = new GeneratePresignedUrlRequest(aliyunOssProperties.getBucketName(),objectName,HttpMethod.GET);// 必须设置有效时间generatePresignedUrlReq.setExpiration(new Date(new Date().getTime() + 3 * 60 * 1000L));URL url = ossClient.generatePresignedUrl(generatePresignedUrlReq);// 示例: https://zzhua-oss-bucket.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/20240825/soft-dev.png?Expires=1724635526&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5tDVake7ZcZrwbCDjP97&Signature=3BT%2BCJPRx3YDxOxRS8qtVhTHJHI%3DSystem.out.println(url.toString());}

生成以PUT方法访问的签名URL来上传文件

@Test
void testGenrateSignedPut() throws Exception {GeneratePresignedUrlRequest request = new GeneratePresignedUrlRequest(aliyunOssProperties.getBucketName(),"naughty.gif",HttpMethod.PUT);// 设置签名URL过期时间，单位为毫秒。本示例以设置过期时间为1小时为例。Date expiration = new Date(new Date().getTime() + 3600 * 1000L);request.setExpiration(expiration);// 设置ContentType。request.setContentType("image/gif");// 设置自定义元数据。request.addUserMetadata("author", "zzhua");// 生成签名URL。URL signedUrl = ossClient.generatePresignedUrl(request);System.out.println(signedUrl);Map<String, String> requestHeaders = new HashMap<String, String>();// 设置ContentType，必须和生成签名URL时设置的ContentType一致。requestHeaders.put(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, "image/gif");// 设置自定义元数据。requestHeaders.put(OSS_USER_METADATA_PREFIX + "author", "zzhua");FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\zzhua195\\Desktop\\naughty.gif");// 使用签名URL上传文件。PutObjectResult putObjectResult = ossClient.putObject(signedUrl, inputStream, -1, requestHeaders, true);}

通过签名URL临时授权简单上传文件

使用下面代码可以先生成1个上传的签名url，然后使用这个url来put上传文件（但是在postman中就是上传失败，报SignatureDoesNotMatch错误）

@Test
void testGenratePutSimpleUpload() throws Exception {// 设置请求头。Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();/*// 指定Object的存储类型。headers.put(OSSHeaders.STORAGE_CLASS, StorageClass.Standard.toString());// 指定ContentType。headers.put(OSSHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/txt");*/// 设置用户自定义元数据。Map<String, String> userMetadata = new HashMap<String, String>();/*userMetadata.put("key1","value1");userMetadata.put("key2","value2");*/URL signedUrl = null;try {// 指定生成的签名URL过期时间，单位为毫秒。本示例以设置过期时间为1小时为例。Date expiration = new Date(new Date().getTime() + 3600 * 1000L);// 生成签名URL。String objectName = "naughty.gif";GeneratePresignedUrlRequest request = new GeneratePresignedUrlRequest(aliyunOssProperties.getBucketName(),objectName,HttpMethod.PUT);// 设置过期时间。request.setExpiration(expiration);// 将请求头加入到request中。request.setHeaders(headers);// 添加用户自定义元数据。request.setUserMetadata(userMetadata);// 通过HTTP PUT请求生成签名URL。signedUrl = ossClient.generatePresignedUrl(request);// 打印签名URL。System.out.println("signed url for putObject: " + signedUrl);} catch (OSSException oe) {System.out.println("生成失败~~~");}if (1 > 0) {return;}// 使用生成的签名url来上传文件CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;CloseableHttpResponse response = null;try {HttpPut put = new HttpPut(signedUrl.toString());HttpEntity entity = new FileEntity(new File("C:\\Users\\zzhua195\\Desktop\\naughty.gif"));put.setEntity(entity);// 如果生成签名URL时设置了header参数，例如用户元数据，存储类型等，则调用签名URL上传文件时，也需要将这些参数发送至服务端。如果签名和发送至服务端的不一致，会报签名错误。for(Map.Entry header: headers.entrySet()){put.addHeader(header.getKey().toString(),header.getValue().toString());}for(Map.Entry meta: userMetadata.entrySet()){// 如果使用userMeta，sdk内部会为userMeta拼接"x-oss-meta-"前缀。当您使用其他方式生成签名URL进行上传时，userMeta也需要拼接"x-oss-meta-"前缀。put.addHeader("x-oss-meta-"+meta.getKey().toString(), meta.getValue().toString());}httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();response = httpClient.execute(put);System.out.println("返回上传状态码："+response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){System.out.println("使用网络库上传成功");}System.out.println(response.toString());} catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();} finally {response.close();httpClient.close();}
}

使用签名URL临时授权下载文件

跟使用签名URL进行临时授权访问是一样的

@Test
void testGenerateDownload() throws IOException {// 设置请求头。Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();/*// 指定Object的存储类型。headers.put(OSSHeaders.STORAGE_CLASS, StorageClass.Standard.toString());// 指定ContentType。headers.put(OSSHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/txt");*/// 设置用户自定义元数据。Map<String, String> userMetadata = new HashMap<String, String>();/*userMetadata.put("key1","value1");userMetadata.put("key2","value2");*/URL signedUrl = null;try {// 指定生成的签名URL过期时间，单位为毫秒。本示例以设置过期时间为1小时为例。Date expiration = new Date(new Date().getTime() + 3600 * 1000L);// 生成签名URL。GeneratePresignedUrlRequest request = new GeneratePresignedUrlRequest(aliyunOssProperties.getBucketName(),"20240825/soft-dev.png",HttpMethod.GET);// 设置过期时间。request.setExpiration(expiration);// 将请求头加入到request中。request.setHeaders(headers);// 添加用户自定义元数据。request.setUserMetadata(userMetadata);// 设置查询参数。// Map<String, String> queryParam = new HashMap<String, String>();// 指定IP地址或者IP地址段，对应日志中sourceIpFromSource的值。// queryParam.put("x-oss-ac-source-ip","192.0.2.0");// 将子网掩码转换为二进制，然后填写转换结果中1的数量。// queryParam.put("x-oss-ac-subnet-mask","32");// 指定VPC ID。// queryParam.put("x-oss-ac-vpc-id","vpc-12345678");// 指定是否允许转发请求。// queryParam.put("x-oss-ac-forward-allow","true");// request.setQueryParameter(queryParam);// 设置单链接限速，单位为bit，例如限速100 KB/s。// request.setTrafficLimit(100 * 1024 * 8);// 通过HTTP GET请求生成签名URL。signedUrl = ossClient.generatePresignedUrl(request);// 打印签名URL。System.out.println("signed url for putObject: " + signedUrl);} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println("发生错误" + e);}// 通过签名URL下载文件，以HttpClients为例说明。CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;CloseableHttpResponse response = null;try {HttpGet get = new HttpGet(signedUrl.toString());// 如果生成签名URL时设置了header参数，例如用户元数据，存储类型等，则调用签名URL下载文件时，也需要将这些参数发送至服务端。如果签名和发送至服务端的不一致，会报签名错误。for(Map.Entry header: headers.entrySet()){get.addHeader(header.getKey().toString(),header.getValue().toString());}for(Map.Entry meta: userMetadata.entrySet()){// 如果使用userMeta，sdk内部会为userMeta拼接"x-oss-meta-"前缀。当您使用其他方式生成签名URL进行下载时，userMeta也需要拼接"x-oss-meta-"前缀。get.addHeader("x-oss-meta-"+meta.getKey().toString(), meta.getValue().toString());}httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();response = httpClient.execute(get);System.out.println("返回下载状态码："+response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){System.out.println("使用网络库下载成功");}System.out.println(response.toString());// 保存文件到磁盘。DataInputStream in = null;OutputStream out = null;try {in = new DataInputStream(response.getEntity().getContent());String pathName = "C:\\Users\\zzhua195\\Desktop\\ttt.png";out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(pathName));int bytes = 0;byte[] bufferOut = new byte[1024];while ((bytes = in.read(bufferOut)) != -1) {out.write(bufferOut, 0, bytes);}} catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();} finally {in.close();out.close();}} catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();} finally {response.close();httpClient.close();}
}

服务端签名直传

@GetMapping("/getPolicy")
public JSONObject getPolicy() throws Exception {// host的格式为 bucketname.endpoint// String host = StringFormatter.concat("https://", bucketName, ".", endpoint).getValue();String host = aliyunOssProperties.getBucketDomain();// callbackUrl为 上传回调服务器的URL，请将下面的IP和Port配置为您自己的真实信息。// String callbackUrl = "http://88.88.88.88:8888";// 每一天产生一个文件夹String dir = LocalDate.now().toString() + "/"; // 用户上传文件时指定的前缀,如果是 / 则自动检测为文件夹。JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();long expireTime = 600;long expireEndTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + expireTime * 1000; //过期时间 100 秒Date expiration = new Date(expireEndTime);// PostObject请求最大可支持的文件大小为5 GB，即CONTENT_LENGTH_RANGE为5*1024*1024*1024。PolicyConditions policyConds = new PolicyConditions();policyConds.addConditionItem(PolicyConditions.COND_CONTENT_LENGTH_RANGE, 0, 1048576000);policyConds.addConditionItem(MatchMode.StartWith, PolicyConditions.COND_KEY, dir);String postPolicy = ossClient.generatePostPolicy(expiration, policyConds);byte[] binaryData = postPolicy.getBytes("utf-8");String encodedPolicy = BinaryUtil.toBase64String(binaryData);String postSignature = ossClient.calculatePostSignature(postPolicy);jsonObject.put("OSSAccessKeyId", aliyunOssProperties.getAccessKeyId());jsonObject.put("policy", encodedPolicy);jsonObject.put("signature", postSignature);jsonObject.put("dir", dir);jsonObject.put("host", host);jsonObject.put("expire", String.valueOf(expireEndTime / 1000));return jsonObject;
}