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Spring Boot实现文件上传和下载

news 来源：原创 2024/9/20 20:23:52

1.背景

项目中经常会有上传和下载的需求，这篇文章简述一下springboot项目中实现简单的上传和下载。

2.代码工程

实验目标

实现简单的文件上传和下载

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>springboot-demo</artifactId><groupId>com.et</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>file</artifactId><properties><maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId><artifactId>httpclient</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId><artifactId>httpmime</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></dependency></dependencies>
</project>

controller

Web项目中，文件的上传和下载服务也是基于HTTP请求的，文件上传由于需要向服务接口提交数据，可以使用POST的请求方式，而文件的下载只是获取数据，因此可以使用GET请求方式。

package com.et.controller;import com.et.bean.FileInfo;
import com.et.service.FileUploadService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;@RestController
public class HelloWorldController {@RequestMapping("/hello")public Map<String, Object> showHelloWorld(){Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();map.put("msg", "HelloWorld");return map;}@Autowiredprivate FileUploadService fileUploadService;/*** upload** @param files* @return*/@PostMapping("/upload")public ResponseEntity<String> upload(@RequestParam("files") MultipartFile[] files) {fileUploadService.upload(files);return ResponseEntity.ok("File Upload Success");}/***  files** @return*/@GetMapping("/files")public ResponseEntity<List<FileInfo>> list() {return ResponseEntity.ok(fileUploadService.list());}/*** get file by name** @param fileName* @return*/@GetMapping("/files/{fileName:.+}")public ResponseEntity<Resource> getFile(@PathVariable("fileName") String fileName) {return ResponseEntity.ok().header(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION,"attachment; filename=\"" + fileName + "\"").body(fileUploadService.getFile(fileName));}
}

service

创建好指定的文件存放路径文件夹后，上传逻辑只需要将接收到的文件数据赋值到指定路径后即可。

file.getInputStream()，接收文件参数的对应字节流
this.path.resolve(file.getOriginalFilename())，指定的path路径拼接接收文件的原始名称作为文件的路径信息
Files.copy()，复制文件的方法

文件的下载逻辑是根据指定的文件名称到文件资源文件夹中获取，如果存在则返回文件。

this.path.resolve(fileName)，构建文件全路径
new UrlResource(file.toUri())，根据文件路径创建URL源
resource.exists() && resource.isReadable()，文件存在并且可读时返回

package com.et.service;import com.et.bean.FileInfo;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;import java.util.List;public interface FileUploadService {void upload(MultipartFile[] files);List<FileInfo> list();Resource getFile(String fileName);
}

package com.et.service.impl;import com.et.bean.FileInfo;
import com.et.service.FileUploadService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.util.FileCopyUtils;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;@Service
@Slf4j
public class FileUploadServiceImpl implements FileUploadService {@Value("${upload.path:/data/upload/}")private String filePath;private static final List<FileInfo> FILE_STORAGE = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();@Overridepublic void upload(MultipartFile[] files) {SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");for (MultipartFile file : files) {String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();boolean match = FILE_STORAGE.stream().anyMatch(fileInfo -> fileInfo.getFileName().equals(fileName));if (match) {throw new RuntimeException("File [ " + fileName + " ] already exist");}String currentTime = simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());try (InputStream in = file.getInputStream();OutputStream out = Files.newOutputStream(Paths.get(filePath + fileName))) {FileCopyUtils.copy(in, out);} catch (IOException e) {log.error("File [{}] upload failed", fileName, e);throw new RuntimeException(e);}FileInfo fileInfo = new FileInfo().setFileName(fileName).setUploadTime(currentTime);FILE_STORAGE.add(fileInfo);}}@Overridepublic List<FileInfo> list() {return FILE_STORAGE;}@Overridepublic Resource getFile(String fileName) {FILE_STORAGE.stream().filter(info -> info.getFileName().equals(fileName)).findFirst().orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("File [ " + fileName + " ] not exist"));File file = new File(filePath + fileName);return new FileSystemResource(file);}
}

application.properties

spring.servlet.multipart.max-file-size=150MB
spring.servlet.multipart.max-request-size=200MB
spring.servlet.multipart.file-size-threshold=100MB
upload.path=/Users/liuhaihua/tmp/

以上只是一些关键代码，所有代码请参见下面代码仓库