Linux 磁盘分区、格式化、目录挂载
实验环境: Citrix虚拟化, RHEL6.4系统环境
本文目的: 熟悉Linux的基本磁盘分区、格式化、目录挂载。
- 显示当前主机目录
- 磁盘分区
- 磁盘格式化
- 挂载目录
1. 显示当前主机目录
命令df -h
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
26G 2.9G 22G 13% /
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/xvda1 485M 32M 428M 7% /boot2. 磁盘分区
2.1 显示机器当前的磁盘:
命令fdisk -l
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/xvdb
Disk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000注:这里知道新增磁盘为/dev/xvdb,就直接指定了,缩减显示篇幅。
2.2 fdisk 分区 /dev/xvdb:
fdisk /dev/xvdb 根据帮助提示分区,这里是把/dev/xvdb分成一个区.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/xvdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0adfd119.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-6527, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-6527, default 6527):
Using default value 6527
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0adfd119
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/xvdb1 1 6527 52428096 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.3. 磁盘格式化
命令mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1分区为ext4的文件系统格式。
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
3276800 inodes, 13107024 blocks
655351 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
400 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.4.挂载目录
4.1 手工挂载
新建目录/u01mkdir -p /u01
挂载设备到目录/u01mount /dev/xvdb1 /u01
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /u01
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/xvdb1 /u014.2 开机自动挂载
修改/etc/fstab配置文件,末尾添加一行:
/dev/xvdb1 /u01 ext4 defaults 0 0显示当前目录,已成功挂载/u01目录:
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
26G 2.9G 22G 13% /
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/xvda1 485M 32M 428M 7% /boot
/dev/xvdb1 50G 180M 47G 1% /u01