【Python+requests+unittest+excel】实现接口自动化测试框架
一、框架结构：
工程目录
二、Case文件设计
三、基础包 base3.1 封装get/post请求（runmethon.py）
1 import requests2 import json3 class RunMethod:4 def post_main(self,url,data,header=None):5 res = None6 if header !=None: 7 res = requests.post(url=url,data=data,headers=header)8 else:9 res = requests.post(url=url,data=data)
10 return res.json()
11
12 def get_main(self,url,data=None,header=None):
13 res = None
14 if header !=None:
15 res = requests.get(url=url,data=data,headers=header,verify=False)
16 else:
17 res = requests.get(url=url,data=data,verify=False)
18 return res.json()
19
20 def run_main(self,method,url,data=None,header=None):
21 res = None
22 if method == 'Post':
23 res = self.post_main(url,data,header)
24 else:
25 res = self.get_main(url,data,header)
26 return json.dumps(res,ensure_ascii=False,sort_keys=True,indent=2) 3.2 封装mock（mock.py）
1 from mock import mock
2 #模拟mock 封装
3 def mock_test(mock_method,request_data,url,method,response_data):
4 mock_method = mock.Mock(return_value=response_data)
5 res = mock_method(url,method,request_data)
6 return res四、数据操作包 operation_data4.1 获取excel单元格中的内容（get_data.py）
1 #coding:utf-82 from tool.operation_excel import OperationExcel3 import data_config4 from tool.operation_json import OperetionJson5 from tool.connect_db import OperationMysql6 class GetData:7 def __init__(self):8 self.opera_excel = OperationExcel()9 10 #去获取excel行数,就是case的个数 11 def get_case_lines(self):12 return self.opera_excel.get_lines()13 14 #获取是否执行15 def get_is_run(self,row):16 flag = None17 col = int(data_config.get_run())18 run_model = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)19 if run_model == 'yes':20 flag = True21 else:22 flag = False23 return flag24 25 #是否携带header26 def is_header(self,row):27 col = int(data_config.get_header())28 header = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)29 if header != '':30 return header31 else:32 return None33 34 #获取请求方式35 def get_request_method(self,row):36 col = int(data_config.get_run_way())37 request_method = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)38 return request_method39 40 #获取url41 def get_request_url(self,row):42 col = int(data_config.get_url())43 url = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)44 return url45 46 #获取请求数据47 def get_request_data(self,row):48 col = int(data_config.get_data())49 data = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)50 if data == '':51 return None52 return data53 54 #通过获取关键字拿到data数据55 def get_data_for_json(self,row):56 opera_json = OperetionJson()57 request_data = opera_json.get_data(self.get_request_data(row))58 return request_data59 60 #获取预期结果61 def get_expcet_data(self,row):62 col = int(data_config.get_expect())63 expect = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)64 if expect == '':65 return None66 return expect67 68 #通过sql获取预期结果69 def get_expcet_data_for_mysql(self,row):70 op_mysql = OperationMysql()71 sql = self.get_expcet_data(row)72 res = op_mysql.search_one(sql)73 return res.decode('unicode-escape')74 75 def write_result(self,row,value):76 col = int(data_config.get_result())77 self.opera_excel.write_value(row,col,value)78 79 #获取依赖数据的key80 def get_depend_key(self,row):81 col = int(data_config.get_data_depend())82 depent_key = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)83 if depent_key == "":84 return None85 else:86 return depent_key87 88 #判断是否有case依赖89 def is_depend(self,row):90 col = int(data_config.get_case_depend())91 depend_case_id = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)92 if depend_case_id == "":93 return None94 else:95 return depend_case_id96 97 #获取数据依赖字段98 def get_depend_field(self,row):99 col = int(data_config.get_field_depend())
100 data = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)
101 if data == "":
102 return None
103 else:
104 return data4.2 获取excel中每个列（data_config.py）
1 #coding:utf-82 class global_var:3 #case_id4 Id = '0'5 request_name = '1'6 url = '2'7 run = '3'8 request_way = '4'9 header = '5'
10 case_depend = '6'
11 data_depend = '7'
12 field_depend = '8'
13 data = '9'
14 expect = '10'
15 result = '11'
16 #获取caseid
17 def get_id():
18 return global_var.Id
19
20 #获取url
21 def get_url():
22 return global_var.url
23
24 def get_run():
25 return global_var.run
26
27 def get_run_way():
28 return global_var.request_way
29
30 def get_header():
31 return global_var.header
32
33 def get_case_depend():
34 return global_var.case_depend
35
36 def get_data_depend():
37 return global_var.data_depend
38
39 def get_field_depend():
40 return global_var.field_depend
41
42 def get_data():
43 return global_var.data
44
45 def get_expect():
46 return global_var.expect
47
48 def get_result():
49 return global_var.result
50
51 def get_header_value():
52 return global_var.header4.3 解决数据依赖（dependent.py ）
1 #coding:utf-82 import sys3 import json4 sys.path.append('C:/Users/lxz/Desktop/InterFace_JIA')5 from tool.operation_excel import OperationExcel6 from base.runmethod import RunMethod7 from operation_data.get_data import GetData8 from jsonpath_rw import jsonpath,parse9 class DependdentData:
10 def __init__(self,case_id):
11 self.case_id = case_id
12 self.opera_excel = OperationExcel()
13 self.data = GetData()
14
15 #通过case_id去获取该case_id的整行数据
16 def get_case_line_data(self):
17 rows_data = self.opera_excel.get_rows_data(self.case_id)
18 return rows_data
19
20 #执行依赖测试，获取结果
21 def run_dependent(self):
22 run_method = RunMethod()
23 row_num = self.opera_excel.get_row_num(self.case_id)
24 request_data = self.data.get_data_for_json(row_num)
25 #header = self.data.is_header(row_num)
26 method = self.data.get_request_method(row_num)
27 url = self.data.get_request_url(row_num)
28 res = run_method.run_main(method,url,request_data)
29 return json.loads(res)
30
31 #根据依赖的key去获取执行依赖测试case的响应,然后返回
32 def get_data_for_key(self,row):
33 depend_data = self.data.get_depend_key(row)
34 response_data = self.run_dependent()
35 json_exe = parse(depend_data)
36 madle = json_exe.find(response_data)
37 return [math.value for math in madle][0]
38
39 if __name__ == '__main__':
40 order = {
41 "data": {
42 "_input_charset": "utf-8",
43 "body": "京东订单-1710141907182334",
44 "it_b_pay": "1d",
45 "notify_url": "http://order.imooc.com/pay/notifyalipay",
46 "out_trade_no": "1710141907182334",
47 "partner": "2088002966755334",
48 "payment_type": "1",
49 "seller_id": "yangyan01@tcl.com",
50 "service": "mobile.securitypay.pay",
51 "sign": "kZBV53KuiUf5HIrVLBCcBpWDg%2FnzO%2BtyEnBqgVYwwBtDU66Xk8VQUTbVOqDjrNymCupkVhlI%2BkFZq1jOr8C554KsZ7Gk7orC9dDbQlpr%2BaMmdjO30JBgjqjj4mmM%2Flphy9Xwr0Xrv46uSkDKdlQqLDdGAOP7YwOM2dSLyUQX%2Bo4%3D",
52 "sign_type": "RSA",
53 "string": "_input_charset=utf-8&body=京东订单-1710141907182334&it_b_pay=1d¬ify_url=http://order.imooc.com/pay/notifyalipay&out_trade_no=1710141907182334&partner=2088002966755334&payment_type=1&seller_id=yangyan01@tcl.com&service=mobile.securitypay.pay&subject=京东订单-1710141907182334&total_fee=299&sign=kZBV53KuiUf5HIrVLBCcBpWDg%2FnzO%2BtyEnBqgVYwwBtDU66Xk8VQUTbVOqDjrNymCupkVhlI%2BkFZq1jOr8C554KsZ7Gk7orC9dDbQlpr%2BaMmdjO30JBgjqjj4mmM%2Flphy9Xwr0Xrv46uSkDKdlQqLDdGAOP7YwOM2dSLyUQX%2Bo4%3D&sign_type=RSA",
54 "subject": "京东订单-1710141907182334",
55 "total_fee": 299
56 },
57 "errorCode": 1000,
58 "errorDesc": "成功",
59 "status": 1,
60 "timestamp": 1507979239100
61 }
62 res = "data.out_trade_no"
63 json_exe = parse(res)
64 madle = json_exe.find(order)
65 print [math.value for math in madle][0]五、工具类包 tool5.1 操作excel (operation_excel.py)
1 #coding:utf-82 import xlrd3 from xlutils.copy import copy4 class OperationExcel:5 def __init__(self,file_name=None,sheet_id=None):6 if file_name:7 self.file_name = file_name8 self.sheet_id = sheet_id 9 else:
10 self.file_name = '../dataconfig/case1.xls'
11 self.sheet_id = 0
12 self.data = self.get_data()
13
14 #获取sheets的内容
15 def get_data(self):
16 data = xlrd.open_workbook(self.file_name)
17 tables = data.sheets()[self.sheet_id]
18 return tables
19
20 #获取单元格的行数
21 def get_lines(self):
22 tables = self.data
23 return tables.nrows
24
25 #获取某一个单元格的内容
26 def get_cell_value(self,row,col):
27 return self.data.cell_value(row,col)
28
29 #写入数据
30 def write_value(self,row,col,value):
31 '''
32 写入excel数据
33 row,col,value
34 '''
35 read_data = xlrd.open_workbook(self.file_name)
36 write_data = copy(read_data)
37 sheet_data = write_data.get_sheet(0)
38 sheet_data.write(row,col,value)
39 write_data.save(self.file_name)
40
41 #根据对应的caseid 找到对应行的内容
42 def get_rows_data(self,case_id):
43 row_num = self.get_row_num(case_id)
44 rows_data = self.get_row_values(row_num)
45 return rows_data
46
47 #根据对应的caseid找到对应的行号
48 def get_row_num(self,case_id):
49 num = 0
50 clols_data = self.get_cols_data()
51 for col_data in clols_data:
52 if case_id in col_data:
53 return num
54 num = num+1
55
56
57 #根据行号，找到该行的内容
58 def get_row_values(self,row):
59 tables = self.data
60 row_data = tables.row_values(row)
61 return row_data
62
63 #获取某一列的内容
64 def get_cols_data(self,col_id=None):
65 if col_id != None:
66 cols = self.data.col_values(col_id)
67 else:
68 cols = self.data.col_values(0)
69 return cols
70
71
72 if __name__ == '__main__':
73 opers = OperationExcel()
74 print opers.get_cell_value(1,2)5.2判断字符串包含，判断字典是否相等（common_util.py）
1 #coding:utf-82 import json3 class CommonUtil:4 def is_contain(self,str_one,str_two):5 '''6 判断一个字符串是否再另外一个字符串中7 str_one:查找的字符串8 str_two：被查找的字符串9 '''
10 flag = None
11 if isinstance(str_one,unicode):
12 str_one = str_one.encode('unicode-escape').decode('string_escape')
13 return cmp(str_one,str_two)
14 if str_one in str_two:
15 flag = True
16 else:
17 flag = False
18 return flag
19
20
21 def is_equal_dict(self,dict_one,dict_two):
22 '''
23 判断两个字典是否相等
24 '''
25 if isinstance(dict_one,str):
26 dict_one = json.loads(dict_one)
27 if isinstance(dict_two,str):
28 dict_two = json.loads(dict_two)
29 return cmp(dict_one,dict_two)5.3 操作header（operation_herder.py）
1 #coding:utf-82 import requests3 import json4 from operation_json import OperetionJson5 6 7 class OperationHeader:8 9 def __init__(self,response):
10 self.response = json.loads(response)
11
12 def get_response_url(self):
13 '''
14 获取登录返回的token的url
15 '''
16 url = self.response['data']['url'][0]
17 return url
18
19 def get_cookie(self):
20 '''
21 获取cookie的jar文件
22 '''
23 url = self.get_response_url()+"&callback=jQuery21008240514814031887_1508666806688&_=1508666806689"
24 cookie = requests.get(url).cookies
25 return cookie
26
27 def write_cookie(self):
28 cookie = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(self.get_cookie())
29 op_json = OperetionJson()
30 op_json.write_data(cookie)
31
32 if __name__ == '__main__':
33
34 url = "http://www.jd.com/passport/user/login"
35 data = {
36 "username":"18513199586",
37 "password":"111111",
38 "verify":"",
39 "referer":"https://www.jd.com"
40 }
41 res = json.dumps(requests.post(url,data).json())
42 op_header = OperationHeader(res)
43 op_header.write_cookie()5.4 操作json文件（operation_json.py）
1 #coding:utf-82 import json3 class OperetionJson:4 5 def __init__(self,file_path=None):6 if file_path == None:7 self.file_path = '../dataconfig/user.json'8 else:9 self.file_path = file_path
10 self.data = self.read_data()
11
12 #读取json文件
13 def read_data(self):
14 with open(self.file_path) as fp:
15 data = json.load(fp)
16 return data
17
18 #根据关键字获取数据
19 def get_data(self,id):
20 print type(self.data)
21 return self.data[id]
22
23 #写json
24 def write_data(self,data):
25 with open('../dataconfig/cookie.json','w') as fp:
26 fp.write(json.dumps(data))
27
28
29
30 if __name__ == '__main__':
31 opjson = OperetionJson()
32 print opjson.get_data('shop')5.5 操作数据库（connect_db.py）
1 #coding:utf-82 import MySQLdb.cursors3 import json4 class OperationMysql:5 def __init__(self):6 self.conn = MySQLdb.connect(7 host='localhost',8 port=3306,9 user='root',
10 passwd='123456',
11 db='le_study',
12 charset='utf8',
13 cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor
14 )
15 self.cur = self.conn.cursor()
16
17 #查询一条数据
18 def search_one(self,sql):
19 self.cur.execute(sql)
20 result = self.cur.fetchone()
21 result = json.dumps(result)
22 return result
23
24 if __name__ == '__main__':
25 op_mysql = OperationMysql()
26 res = op_mysql.search_one("select * from web_user where Name='ailiailan'")
27 print res5.6 发送报告邮件（send_email.py）
1 #coding:utf-82 import smtplib3 from email.mime.text import MIMEText4 class SendEmail:5 global send_user6 global email_host7 global password8 email_host = "smtp.163.com"9 send_user = "jiaxiaonan666@163.com"
10 password = "jia_668"
11 def send_mail(self,user_list,sub,content):
12 user = "jiaxiaonan"+"<"+send_user+">"
13 message = MIMEText(content,_subtype='plain',_charset='utf-8')
14 message['Subject'] = sub
15 message['From'] = user
16 message['To'] = ";".join(user_list)
17 server = smtplib.SMTP()
18 server.connect(email_host)
19 server.login(send_user,password)
20 server.sendmail(user,user_list,message.as_string())
21 server.close()
22
23 def send_main(self,pass_list,fail_list):
24 pass_num = float(len(pass_list))
25 fail_num = float(len(fail_list))
26 count_num = pass_num+fail_num
27 #90%
28 pass_result = "%.2f%%" %(pass_num/count_num*100)
29 fail_result = "%.2f%%" %(fail_num/count_num*100)
30
31
32 user_list = ['609037724@qq.com']
33 sub = "接口自动化测试报告"
34 content = "此次一共运行接口个数为%s个，通过个数为%s个，失败个数为%s,通过率为%s,失败率为%s" %(count_num,pass_num,fail_num,pass_result,fail_result )
35 self.send_mail(user_list,sub,content)
36
37 if __name__ == '__main__':
38 sen = SendEmail()
39 sen.send_main([1,2,3,4],[2,3,4,5,6,7])六、主函数run_test.py
1 #coding:utf-82 import sys3 sys.path.append("C:/Users/lxz/Desktop/InterFace_JIA")4 from base.runmethod import RunMethod5 from operation_data.get_data import GetData6 from tool.common_util import CommonUtil7 from operation_data.dependent_data import DependdentData8 from tool.send_email import SendEmail9 from tool.operation_header import OperationHeader
10 from tool.operation_json import OperetionJson
11 class RunTest:
12 def __init__(self):
13 self.run_method = RunMethod()
14 self.data = GetData()
15 self.com_util = CommonUtil()
16 self.send_mai = SendEmail()
17
18 #程序执行的
19 def go_on_run(self):
20 res = None
21 pass_count = []
22 fail_count = []
23 #10 0,1,2,3
24 rows_count = self.data.get_case_lines()
25 for i in range(1,rows_count):
26 is_run = self.data.get_is_run(i)
27 if is_run:
28 url = self.data.get_request_url(i)
29 method = self.data.get_request_method(i)
30 request_data = self.data.get_data_for_json(i)
31 expect = self.data.get_expcet_data_for_mysql(i)
32 header = self.data.is_header(i)
33 depend_case = self.data.is_depend(i)
34 if depend_case != None:
35 self.depend_data = DependdentData(depend_case)
36 #获取的依赖响应数据
37 depend_response_data = self.depend_data.get_data_for_key(i)
38 #获取依赖的key
39 depend_key = self.data.get_depend_field(i)
40 request_data[depend_key] = depend_response_data
41 if header == 'write':
42 res = self.run_method.run_main(method,url,request_data)
43 op_header = OperationHeader(res)
44 op_header.write_cookie()
45
46 elif header == 'yes':
47 op_json = OperetionJson('../dataconfig/cookie.json')
48 cookie = op_json.get_data('apsid')
49 cookies = {
50 'apsid':cookie
51 }
52 res = self.run_method.run_main(method,url,request_data,cookies)
53 else:
54 res = self.run_method.run_main(method,url,request_data)
55
56 if self.com_util.is_equal_dict(expect,res) == 0:
57 self.data.write_result(i,'pass')
58 pass_count.append(i)
59 else:
60 self.data.write_result(i,res)
61 fail_count.append(i)
62 self.send_mai.send_main(pass_count,fail_count)
63
64 #将执行判断封装
65 #def get_cookie_run(self,header):
66
67
68 if __name__ == '__main__':
69 run = RunTest()
70 run.go_on_run()最后感谢每一个认真阅读我文章的人，礼尚往来总是要有的，虽然不是什么很值钱的东西，如果你用得到的话可以直接拿走：
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