当前位置: 首页 > news >正文

RocketMQ消息过滤机制源码详解

#RocketMQ提供了2种消息过滤的方式:

  • TAG 过滤

  • SQL92 过滤

SQL过滤默认是没有打开的,如果想要支持,必须在broker的配置文件中设置:enablePropertyFilter = true

一. 示例代码

1.1 producer 代码

public class Producer {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// 实例化消息生产者ProducerDefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("tag_p_g");// 设置NameServer的地址producer.setNamesrvAddr("127.0.0.1:9876");producer.start();String[] tags = {"TAG_A", "TAG_B", "TAG_C"};for (int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++) {byte[] body = ("Hi filter message," + i).getBytes();String tag = tags[i % tags.length];//同一个topic下,会发送多种tag消息Message msg = new Message("MY_topic", tag, body);//设置一些属性,消费者SQL过滤时可以使用msg.putUserProperty("age", String.valueOf(i));msg.putUserProperty("name", "name" + (i + 1));msg.putUserProperty("isGender", String.valueOf(new Random().nextBoolean()));SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg);System.out.println("sendResult = " + sendResult);}producer.shutdown();}
}

1.2 consumer 代码

1.2.1 TAG过滤
public class Consumer {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("c_tag_group");consumer.setNamesrvAddr("127.0.0.1:9876");/*** 订阅消息过滤* 只订阅 topic = MY_topic 下* tag = TAG_A 或者 tag = TAG_C 的消息,不要 tag = TAG_B 的消息* 订阅多个tag使用 || 分开*/consumer.subscribe("MY_topic", "TAG_A || TAG_C");consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {@Overridepublic ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) {for (MessageExt msg : msgs) {System.out.println(msg);}//消费成功时返回return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;}});consumer.start();System.out.println("Filter Tag Consumer Started");}
}
1.2.2 SQL92过滤
public class Consumer {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("cg");consumer.setNamesrvAddr(MQConstant.NAME_SERVER_ADDR);/*** 订阅消息过滤: 根据消息生产者指定的用户属性进行过滤* 支持的常量类型:*   数值:比如:123,3.1415*   字符:必须用单引号包裹起来,比如:'abc'*   布尔:TRUE 或 FALSE*   NULL:特殊的常量,表示空** 支持的运算符有:*   数值比较:>,>=,<,<=,BETWEEN,=*   字符比较:=,<>,IN*   逻辑运算 :AND,OR,NOT*   NULL判断:IS NULL 或者 IS NOT NULL**   // (age between 6 and 9) AND (name IS NOT NULL) AND (isGender = TRUE)*/consumer.subscribe(MQConstant.FILTER_SQL_TOPIC, MessageSelector.bySql("(age between 6 and 9) AND (name IS NOT NULL) AND (isGender = TRUE)"));consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {@Overridepublic ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) {for (MessageExt msg : msgs) {System.out.println(msg);}//消费成功时返回return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;}});consumer.start();System.out.println("Filter SQL Consumer Started");}
}

二. 说明

消费者去broker拉取消息时,先经过broker过滤一次,在经过消费者过滤一次

  1. 如果是 TAG 过滤。broker要先根据ConsumeQueue 中 Tag HashCode过滤一次,消费者在根据 Tag 值过滤一次。因为 ConsumeQueue 为了便于检索,文件中每一个条目都是定长20字节,所以条目在最后八个字节存储的是消息 Tag 的 HashCode,而不是TAG值。这样broker在拉取磁盘中的消息时,只需要对比 ConsumeQueue中 的Tag HashCode,而不需要解析 CommitLog 中的 Tag 值,如果发生Hash冲突,则交给消费者客户端过滤消息中的Tag值。
  2. 如果是 SQL92 过滤。则全部由 broker 过滤。因为 SQL 过滤的是消息中的属性值,所以必须反序列化 CommitLog 中的属性值,既然在broker已经进行了精确匹配,那么客户端自然可以省去这个步骤了。

三. 消费者启动注册订阅信息到broker

consumer订阅信息会保存到SubscriptionData中,当consumer启动后,会通过心跳先将订阅信息发送到broker。broker主要是构建2部分:

  1. 保存consumer发送的订阅信息SubscriptionData对象。
  2. 构建SQL过滤的ConsumerFilterData对象。

那么我们看下consumer构建订阅数据以及发送到broker的过程:

// org.apache.rocketmq.client.impl.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumerImpl#subscribe(java.lang.String, org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.MessageSelector)
public void subscribe(final String topic, final MessageSelector messageSelector) throws MQClientException {try {if (messageSelector == null) {subscribe(topic, SubscriptionData.SUB_ALL);return;}//核心就是创建SubscriptionDataSubscriptionData subscriptionData = FilterAPI.build(topic,messageSelector.getExpression(), messageSelector.getExpressionType());this.rebalanceImpl.getSubscriptionInner().put(topic, subscriptionData);if (this.mQClientFactory != null) {this.mQClientFactory.sendHeartbeatToAllBrokerWithLock();}} catch (Exception e) {throw new MQClientException("subscription exception", e);}
}

继续看FilterAPI.build(...)方法:

// org.apache.rocketmq.common.filter.FilterAPI#build
public static SubscriptionData build(final String topic, final String subString,final String type) throws Exception {// 如果是TAG过滤,则执行这里if (ExpressionType.TAG.equals(type) || type == null) {return buildSubscriptionData(topic, subString);}if (subString == null || subString.length() < 1) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expression can't be null! " + type);}// 如果是SQL过滤,则执行这里,相对简单,直接原样发送给brokerSubscriptionData subscriptionData = new SubscriptionData();subscriptionData.setTopic(topic);subscriptionData.setSubString(subString);subscriptionData.setExpressionType(type);return subscriptionData;}
}

如果是TAG过滤,consumer会做些额外的处理:

// org.apache.rocketmq.common.filter.FilterAPI#buildSubscriptionData 
public static SubscriptionData buildSubscriptionData(final String consumerGroup, String topic,String subString) throws Exception {SubscriptionData subscriptionData = new SubscriptionData();subscriptionData.setTopic(topic);subscriptionData.setSubString(subString);if (null == subString || subString.equals(SubscriptionData.SUB_ALL) || subString.length() == 0) {// 订阅所有消息subscriptionData.setSubString(SubscriptionData.SUB_ALL);} else {// 如果订阅的不是*,则通过 || 分割String[] tags = subString.split("\\|\\|");if (tags.length > 0) {for (String tag : tags) {if (tag.length() > 0) {String trimString = tag.trim();if (trimString.length() > 0) {// 保存分割后的TAG值subscriptionData.getTagsSet().add(trimString);// 保存分割后的TAG HashCodesubscriptionData.getCodeSet().add(trimString.hashCode());}}}} else {throw new Exception("subString split error");}}return subscriptionData;}

这样consumer的订阅信息就准备好了,然后consumer启动,发送心跳数据:

//org.apache.rocketmq.client.impl.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumerImpl#startpublic synchronized void start() throws MQClientException {//......代码省略.......// 发送心跳this.mQClientFactory.sendHeartbeatToAllBrokerWithLock();//......代码省略.......
}

我们再看下broker是如何处理心跳数据的:

public class ClientManageProcessor implements NettyRequestProcessor {@Overridepublic RemotingCommand processRequest(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, RemotingCommand request)throws RemotingCommandException {switch (request.getCode()) {// 接收客户端心跳指令,保存客户端信息case RequestCode.HEART_BEAT:return this.heartBeat(ctx, request);case RequestCode.UNREGISTER_CLIENT:return this.unregisterClient(ctx, request);case RequestCode.CHECK_CLIENT_CONFIG:return this.checkClientConfig(ctx, request);default:break;}return null;}
}

heartBeat方法:

// org.apache.rocketmq.broker.processor.ClientManageProcessor#heartBeat 
public RemotingCommand heartBeat(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, RemotingCommand request) {// 处理消费者心跳for (ConsumerData data : heartbeatData.getConsumerDataSet()) {SubscriptionGroupConfig subscriptionGroupConfig =this.brokerController.getSubscriptionGroupManager().findSubscriptionGroupConfig(data.getGroupName());//...// 注册消费者信息boolean changed = this.brokerController.getConsumerManager().registerConsumer(data.getGroupName(),clientChannelInfo,data.getConsumeType(),data.getMessageModel(),data.getConsumeFromWhere(),data.getSubscriptionDataSet(),isNotifyConsumerIdsChangedEnable);// ...}// ...return response;}

继续往下走:

// org.apache.rocketmq.broker.client.ConsumerManager#registerConsumer
public boolean registerConsumer(final String group, final ClientChannelInfo clientChannelInfo,ConsumeType consumeType, MessageModel messageModel, ConsumeFromWhere consumeFromWhere,final Set<SubscriptionData> subList, boolean isNotifyConsumerIdsChangedEnable) {//...// 更新topic下消费组信息boolean r2 = consumerGroupInfo.updateSubscription(subList);//...this.consumerIdsChangeListener.handle(ConsumerGroupEvent.REGISTER, group, subList);//...
}

继续往里走:

// org.apache.rocketmq.broker.filter.ConsumerFilterManager#register(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String, long)
public boolean register(final String topic, final String consumerGroup, final String expression,final String type, final long clientVersion) {// 如果是TAG 过滤,则退出if (ExpressionType.isTagType(type)) {return false;}// 如果是SQL过滤,但没有指定过滤规则,则退出if (expression == null || expression.length() == 0) {return false;}FilterDataMapByTopic filterDataMapByTopic = this.filterDataByTopic.get(topic);if (filterDataMapByTopic == null) {FilterDataMapByTopic temp = new FilterDataMapByTopic(topic);FilterDataMapByTopic prev = this.filterDataByTopic.putIfAbsent(topic, temp);filterDataMapByTopic = prev != null ? prev : temp;}BloomFilterData bloomFilterData = bloomFilter.generate(consumerGroup + "#" + topic);// 构建SQL过滤的ConsumerFilterDatareturn filterDataMapByTopic.register(consumerGroup, expression, type, bloomFilterData, clientVersion);
}

注册方法内部主要就是构建ConsumerFilterData对象:

// org.apache.rocketmq.broker.filter.ConsumerFilterManager#build
public static ConsumerFilterData build(final String topic, final String consumerGroup,final String expression, final String type,final long clientVersion) {if (ExpressionType.isTagType(type)) {return null;}ConsumerFilterData consumerFilterData = new ConsumerFilterData();consumerFilterData.setTopic(topic);consumerFilterData.setConsumerGroup(consumerGroup);consumerFilterData.setBornTime(System.currentTimeMillis());consumerFilterData.setDeadTime(0);consumerFilterData.setExpression(expression);consumerFilterData.setExpressionType(type);consumerFilterData.setClientVersion(clientVersion);try {consumerFilterData.setCompiledExpression(FilterFactory.INSTANCE.get(type).compile(expression));} catch (Throwable e) {log.error("parse error: expr={}, topic={}, group={}, error={}", expression, topic, consumerGroup, e.getMessage());return null;}return consumerFilterData;
}

最终工作的就是:

public class SqlFilter implements FilterSpi {@Overridepublic Expression compile(final String expr) throws MQFilterException {return SelectorParser.parse(expr);}@Overridepublic String ofType() {return ExpressionType.SQL92;}
}

好了,到这里就铺垫好了,接下来我们继续看消息过滤的过程,这个过程中,上面的2个对象将会工作。

四. 拉取消息

broker处理拉取请求的处理器:PullMessageProcessor 方法内容比较多,还是关注和过滤相关的部分

// org.apache.rocketmq.broker.processor.PullMessageProcessor#processRequest(io.netty.channel.Channel, org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.protocol.RemotingCommand, boolean)
private RemotingCommand processRequest(final Channel channel, RemotingCommand request, boolean brokerAllowSuspend)throws RemotingCommandException {RemotingCommand response = RemotingCommand.createResponseCommand(PullMessageResponseHeader.class);final PullMessageResponseHeader responseHeader = (PullMessageResponseHeader) response.readCustomHeader();final PullMessageRequestHeader requestHeader =(PullMessageRequestHeader) request.decodeCommandCustomHeader(PullMessageRequestHeader.class);// .......省略诸多代码........SubscriptionData subscriptionData = null;ConsumerFilterData consumerFilterData = null;// 这里是false, consumer启动时已经将订阅信息发送到了broker,拿来即用即可if (hasSubscriptionFlag) {try {subscriptionData = FilterAPI.build(requestHeader.getTopic(), requestHeader.getSubscription(), requestHeader.getExpressionType());if (!ExpressionType.isTagType(subscriptionData.getExpressionType())) {consumerFilterData = ConsumerFilterManager.build(requestHeader.getTopic(), requestHeader.getConsumerGroup(), requestHeader.getSubscription(),requestHeader.getExpressionType(), requestHeader.getSubVersion());assert consumerFilterData != null;}} catch (Exception e) {log.warn("Parse the consumer's subscription[{}] failed, group: {}", requestHeader.getSubscription(),requestHeader.getConsumerGroup());response.setCode(ResponseCode.SUBSCRIPTION_PARSE_FAILED);response.setRemark("parse the consumer's subscription failed");return response;}} else {ConsumerGroupInfo consumerGroupInfo =this.brokerController.getConsumerManager().getConsumerGroupInfo(requestHeader.getConsumerGroup());// ....省略判断.......// 获取订阅数据,这个就是consumer启动时发送给broker的subscriptionData = consumerGroupInfo.findSubscriptionData(requestHeader.getTopic());// .....省略判断.......// SQL过滤 if (!ExpressionType.isTagType(subscriptionData.getExpressionType())) {//TODO:前面分析consumer心跳时看到了它,SQL过滤时会创建consumerFilterData = this.brokerController.getConsumerFilterManager().get(requestHeader.getTopic(),requestHeader.getConsumerGroup());// ....省略判断......}}// .....省略判断.......MessageFilter messageFilter;if (this.brokerController.getBrokerConfig().isFilterSupportRetry()) {messageFilter = new ExpressionForRetryMessageFilter(subscriptionData, consumerFilterData,this.brokerController.getConsumerFilterManager());} else {// 创建MessageFiltermessageFilter = new ExpressionMessageFilter(subscriptionData, consumerFilterData,this.brokerController.getConsumerFilterManager());}// 从broker 拉取消息final GetMessageResult getMessageResult =this.brokerController.getMessageStore().getMessage(requestHeader.getConsumerGroup(), requestHeader.getTopic(),requestHeader.getQueueId(), requestHeader.getQueueOffset(), requestHeader.getMaxMsgNums(), messageFilter);//....省略大量代码.....和过滤无关        
}      

接下来我们就看下从 CommitLog 读取消息并过滤的过程:

// org.apache.rocketmq.store.DefaultMessageStore#getMessage
public GetMessageResult getMessage(final String group, final String topic, final int queueId, final long offset,final int maxMsgNums,final MessageFilter messageFilter) {// .....省略大篇幅代码.......// 在去commitlog读取消息之前,对ConsumeQueue条目进行 tag hashcode 过滤if (messageFilter != null&& !messageFilter.isMatchedByConsumeQueue(isTagsCodeLegal ? tagsCode : null, extRet ? cqExtUnit : null)) {if (getResult.getBufferTotalSize() == 0) {status = GetMessageStatus.NO_MATCHED_MESSAGE;}continue;}// 从CommitLog 读取消息SelectMappedBufferResult selectResult = this.commitLog.getMessage(offsetPy, sizePy);if (null == selectResult) {if (getResult.getBufferTotalSize() == 0) {status = GetMessageStatus.MESSAGE_WAS_REMOVING;}nextPhyFileStartOffset = this.commitLog.rollNextFile(offsetPy);continue;}// 在从commitlog读取消息之后,进行 SQL 过滤if (messageFilter != null&& !messageFilter.isMatchedByCommitLog(selectResult.getByteBuffer().slice(), null)) {if (getResult.getBufferTotalSize() == 0) {status = GetMessageStatus.NO_MATCHED_MESSAGE;}// release...selectResult.release();continue;}}

主要就是做3件事:

  1. 在去 CommitLog 读取消息之前,先根据 TAG hashcode 过滤一次 ConsumeQueue 中的条目,如果ConsumeQueue中保存Tag HashCode与消费组需要消费Tag HashCode不一致,则不会读取CommitLog中的消息了。

broker先完成tag hashcode 过滤,consumer进一步完成tag 值过滤。

  1. 去 CommitLog 读取消息
  2. 从 CommitLog 读取出消息之后,如果是SQL过滤,则在broker完成过滤。

4.1 Broker完成 TAG HashCode 过滤

TAG 过滤就是ExpressionMessageFilter#isMatchedByConsumeQueue(..)方法:

@Override
public boolean isMatchedByConsumeQueue(Long tagsCode, ConsumeQueueExt.CqExtUnit cqExtUnit) {if (null == subscriptionData) {return true;}if (subscriptionData.isClassFilterMode()) {return true;}// by tags code.if (ExpressionType.isTagType(subscriptionData.getExpressionType())) {if (tagsCode == null) {return true;}if (subscriptionData.getSubString().equals(SubscriptionData.SUB_ALL)) {return true;}// 根据tag hashcode 过滤return subscriptionData.getCodeSet().contains(tagsCode.intValue());} else {// ....省略else.....}return true;
}

这个方法内部会完成TAG 的hashcode 过滤,不过这里只是TAG的初步过滤,因为两个不同TAG也可能有相同的hashcode,所以这里过滤并不完善,真正的TAG过滤是交给消费者来完成的。

4.2 Broker完成 SQL 过滤

SQL的过滤是在ExpressionMessageFilter#isMatchedByCommitLog(..)方法中:

@Override
public boolean isMatchedByCommitLog(ByteBuffer msgBuffer, Map<String, String> properties) {if (subscriptionData == null) {return true;}if (subscriptionData.isClassFilterMode()) {return true;}// 如果是TAG过滤,则直接退出if (ExpressionType.isTagType(subscriptionData.getExpressionType())) {return true;}// SQL过滤的数据(sql表达式等等)ConsumerFilterData realFilterData = this.consumerFilterData;Map<String, String> tempProperties = properties;// .....校验code.....Object ret = null;try {MessageEvaluationContext context = new MessageEvaluationContext(tempProperties);ret = realFilterData.getCompiledExpression().evaluate(context);} catch (Throwable e) {log.error("Message Filter error, " + realFilterData + ", " + tempProperties, e);}log.debug("Pull eval result: {}, {}, {}", ret, realFilterData, tempProperties);if (ret == null || !(ret instanceof Boolean)) {return false;}return (Boolean) ret;
}

这里会根据SQL进行过滤,如果该条消息是消费者想要的,则将其放入容器中,返回给消费者,如果不是消费者想要的,则直接丢弃,继续查询下一条消息。

这里的丢弃只是不返回给消费者,在清除 CommitLog 文件之前,这条消息都是在的。

五. 消费消息

前面说了,如果是TAG 过滤,则Broker会率先完成一次TAG Hashcode过滤,但是这样过滤并不完全,因为不同TAG可能有相同Hashcode,所以消费者要根据TAG 值完成最后的过滤。

如果是SQL过滤,只能由Broker完成,消费者不做其他任何操作。

那么我们还是看消费者消费消息时的过滤逻辑:

// org.apache.rocketmq.client.impl.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumerImpl#pullMessage
public void pullMessage(final PullRequest pullRequest) {//......PullCallback pullCallback = new PullCallback() {@Overridepublic void onSuccess(PullResult pullResult) {if (pullResult != null) {// 处理拉取结果,这里将会完成TAG的值过滤pullResult = DefaultMQPushConsumerImpl.this.pullAPIWrapper.processPullResult(pullRequest.getMessageQueue(), pullResult,subscriptionData);}//.......}//.......
}

那么我们继续看下它的内部实现:

// org.apache.rocketmq.client.impl.consumer.PullAPIWrapper#processPullResult
public PullResult processPullResult(final MessageQueue mq, final PullResult pullResult,final SubscriptionData subscriptionData) {PullResultExt pullResultExt = (PullResultExt) pullResult;this.updatePullFromWhichNode(mq, pullResultExt.getSuggestWhichBrokerId());if (PullStatus.FOUND == pullResult.getPullStatus()) {ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(pullResultExt.getMessageBinary());List<MessageExt> msgList = MessageDecoder.decodes(byteBuffer);List<MessageExt> msgListFilterAgain = msgList;// 根据TAG 值过滤if (!subscriptionData.getTagsSet().isEmpty() && !subscriptionData.isClassFilterMode()) {msgListFilterAgain = new ArrayList<MessageExt>(msgList.size());for (MessageExt msg : msgList) {if (msg.getTags() != null) {if (subscriptionData.getTagsSet().contains(msg.getTags())) {msgListFilterAgain.add(msg);}}}}// 将过滤后的消息给消费者消费pullResultExt.setMsgFoundList(msgListFilterAgain);//........}return pullResult;
}

六. 总结

  1. RocketMQ支持两种方式的消息过滤:TAG/SQL
  2. 要想使用SQL过滤,必须要在broker中配置:enablePropertyFilter = true
  3. TAG 过滤分两个阶段完成:
  • 第一阶段:broker率先根据tag的hashcode完成过滤
  • 第二阶段:consumer根据tag值完成最后的过滤
  1. SQL过滤只能在Broker中完成

相关文章:

  • 【工具】Zotero|使用Zotero向Word中插入引用文献(2023年)
  • 采集工具-免费采集器下载
  • 华为1+x网络系统建设与运维(中级)-练习题2
  • 第七章 前端
  • nvm for windows使用与node/npm/yarn的配置
  • 封装hook函数【便于复用】
  • Webshell混淆免杀的一些思路
  • 说说你对Vue的理解
  • C#拼夕夕自动化登录,电商网页自动化操作。WebView2
  • 代码随想录算法训练营第三十九天| 62 不同路径 63 不同路径 ||
  • QT 中使用 QTableView 和 QStandardItemModel 实现将数据导出到Excel 和 从Excel导入到 QTableView 的功能
  • AI创作ChatGPT源码+AI绘画(Midjourney绘画)+DALL-E3文生图+思维导图生成
  • solidity案例详解(五)能源电力竞拍合约
  • 【Java面试——JUC全局观、原子类、锁、集合类、线程池、工具类】
  • 《凤凰项目》读书笔记
  • 分享的文章《人生如棋》
  • [译]前端离线指南(上)
  • C# 免费离线人脸识别 2.0 Demo
  • golang 发送GET和POST示例
  • Idea+maven+scala构建包并在spark on yarn 运行
  • javascript 总结(常用工具类的封装)
  • javascript数组去重/查找/插入/删除
  • Just for fun——迅速写完快速排序
  • leetcode46 Permutation 排列组合
  • Solarized Scheme
  • win10下安装mysql5.7
  • 分享自己折腾多时的一套 vue 组件 --we-vue
  • 诡异!React stopPropagation失灵
  • 前端每日实战 2018 年 7 月份项目汇总(共 29 个项目)
  • 使用Tinker来调试Laravel应用程序的数据以及使用Tinker一些总结
  • 腾讯优测优分享 | 你是否体验过Android手机插入耳机后仍外放的尴尬?
  • 硬币翻转问题,区间操作
  • 自定义函数
  • 走向全栈之MongoDB的使用
  • 专访Pony.ai 楼天城:自动驾驶已经走过了“从0到1”,“规模”是行业的分水岭| 自动驾驶这十年 ...
  • ​io --- 处理流的核心工具​
  • #Linux(Source Insight安装及工程建立)
  • $emit传递多个参数_PPC和MIPS指令集下二进制代码中函数参数个数的识别方法
  • (32位汇编 五)mov/add/sub/and/or/xor/not
  • (AngularJS)Angular 控制器之间通信初探
  • (C#)if (this == null)?你在逗我,this 怎么可能为 null!用 IL 编译和反编译看穿一切
  • (TOJ2804)Even? Odd?
  • (编译到47%失败)to be deleted
  • (二)Eureka服务搭建,服务注册,服务发现
  • (牛客腾讯思维编程题)编码编码分组打印下标(java 版本+ C版本)
  • (三)Hyperledger Fabric 1.1安装部署-chaincode测试
  • (三)模仿学习-Action数据的模仿
  • (转)ABI是什么
  • .NET 6 在已知拓扑路径的情况下使用 Dijkstra,A*算法搜索最短路径
  • .NET MVC第五章、模型绑定获取表单数据
  • .NET 发展历程
  • .net 托管代码与非托管代码
  • .NET/C# 检测电脑上安装的 .NET Framework 的版本
  • .NET是什么
  • @TableId注解详细介绍 mybaits 实体类主键注解