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Linux(ubuntu) -- 安装后调配

news 来源：原创 2024/5/13 10:28:07

Linux(ubuntu) – 安装后调配

1. 双系统修改默认启动项：

1. 进入linux, ctrl+alt+t:打开终端；
2. 输入：sudo gedit /etc/default/grub
3. 修改grub内的值：4. 输入：sudo update-grub
5. 重启验证。

2. 修改下载镜像源

1. cd /etc/apt
2. cp -a sources.list sources.list.backup #备份
3. 清华开源镜像源：（按对应系统版本获取）https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
4. 将获取内容替换sources.list里面内容；#修改软件管理器内下载源
5. 软件和更新->ubuntu软件->源代码->其他站点->中国->选择最佳服务器；
[20.04]
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiversedeb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

3. 优化UI 和 shell

1. 安装gnome Tweaks工具
sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extensions
sudo apt-get install  gnome-shell-extension-dashtodock #无法安装2. 安装git
sudo apt-get install git3. 运行环境
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install make
# msgfmt 未找到
sudo apt-get install gettext3. 源码安装dashtodock
git clone https://github.com/micheleg/dash-to-dock.git
cd dash-to-dock
make
make install#移除原先系统默认的dock （sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop ）
sudo apt remove gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock4. https://extensions.gnome.org/
安装组件；
安装 dash-to-dock;5. 下载theme、icons https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1275087/
下载、解压，复制到指定路径下
sudo cp -r xx/ /usr/share/thems/
sudo cp -r xx/ /usr/share/icons/
到‘优化’ -> 外观，修改样式；6. 修改软件管理器
先卸载snap
sudo snap remove snap-store
sudo apt purge snapdsudo apt instaall gnome-software6. shell 配置
字体颜色：
sudo gedit .bashrc添加在最下面即可：
PS1="\[\033[1;36;01m\]\u\[\033[00m\]\[\033[1;34;01m\]@\[\033[00m\]\[\033[1;32;01m\]\h\[\033[00m\]\[\033[34;01m\]:\[\033[00m\]\[\033[33;01m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\[\033[31;01m\] \$\[\033[37;00m\] "7. 锁屏|登入页美化：
到gnome 插件安装 Good Bye GDM3 Login ..., 启用
登入页透明；

4. 安装yum （可以不要）

1. sudo apt install yum
ps:可能报错无法定位yum (修改 apt 下载源)2. 配置 yum 源
cd /etc/yum/repos.d/     #用cd命令进入这个目录
gedit fedora-163.repo
gedit fedora-updates-163.repo3. 执行刚才配置
yum clean all
yum makecache
sudo yum update

sources.list

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
...
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install yum#删除原内容，添加下列内容
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

fedora-163.repo：

[fedora]
name=Fedora 17 - $basearch - 163.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/fedora/releases/17/Everything/$basearch/os/
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=fedora-17&arch=$basearch
enabled=1
metadata_expire=7d
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-$basearch[fedora-debuginfo]
name=Fedora 17 - $basearch - Debug - 163.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/fedora/releases/17/Everything/$basearch/debug/
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=fedora-debug-17&arch=$basearch
enabled=0
metadata_expire=7d
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-$basearch[fedora-source]
name=Fedora 17 - Source - 163.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/fedora/releases/17/Everything/source/SRPMS/
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=fedora-source-17&arch=$basearch
enabled=0
metadata_expire=7d
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-$basearch

fedora-updates-163.repo

[updates]
name=Fedora 17 - $basearch - Updates - 163.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/fedora/updates/17/$basearch/
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=updates-released-f17&arch=$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-$basearch[updates-debuginfo]
name=Fedora 17 - $basearch - Updates - Debug - 163.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/fedora/updates/17/$basearch/debug/
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=updates-released-debug-f17&arch=$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-$basearch[updates-source]
name=Fedora 17 - Updates Source - 163.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/fedora/updates/17/SRPMS/
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=updates-released-source-f17&arch=$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-$basearch

5. window 升级后系统启动时没有显示启动选择项？

1. 进入ubuntu系统，打开终端；
2. 输入sudo nano /etc/default/
3. 修改：GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden -> GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=menu
4. 保存；
5. 输入：sudo update-grub
6. 重启验证。

6. 开机显示GNU GRUB

1. 找到：ubuntu/grubx64.efi
search -f /efi/ubuntu/grubx64.efi#可以 ls 慢慢遍历2. 
set root=(hd0,gpt1)
set prefix=(hd0,gpt1)/efi/ubuntu
normal3. 修复（进入ubuntu后）：
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install boot-repair####另开终端
boot-repair