鸿蒙OS开发实例：【手撸服务卡片】
介绍
服务卡片指导文档位于“开发/应用模型/Stage模型开发指导/Stage模型应用组件”路径下，说明其极其重要。
本篇文章将分享实现服务卡片的过程和代码
准备
- 请参照[官方指导]，创建一个Demo工程，选择Stage模型
| 鸿蒙OS开发 | 更多内容↓点击 | HarmonyOS与OpenHarmony技术 |
|---|---|---|
| 鸿蒙技术文档 | 开发知识更新库gitee.com/li-shizhen-skin/harmony-os/blob/master/README.md在这。 | 或+mau123789学习，是v喔 |
- 熟读HarmonyOS 官方指导 “[创建一个ArkTS卡片]”
实践总结
- 应用打包时，不能选择“Deploy Muti Hap Packages”方式， 否则服务卡片不会显示任何内容
- 官方指导中没有提示添加权限“ohos.permission.KEEP_BACKGROUND_RUNNING”，如果不添加，则无法使用call方式来刷新卡片数据
- 卡片首次创建时，卡片Id无法传入到卡片中，需通过延时机制，二次更新
效果
卡片元素说明
- 卡片共有使用到了7个控件
- 5个Text， 1个Image, 1个Rect
- Text('call') : 可点击，实验call事件刷新卡片内容
- Text('router'): 可点击，实验router事件刷新卡片内容
- Text('message'): 可点击，实验message事件刷新卡片内容
- Rect(): 实验卡片动画效果
服务卡片教程
-
请完全按照“创建一个ArkTS卡片”
-
修改生成的卡片代码（WidgetCard.ets）
let storageCard = new LocalStorage()@Entry(storageCard)
@Component
struct WidgetCard {/** The mini title.*/readonly MINI_TITLE: string = 'Title';/** The item title.*/@LocalStorageProp('ITEM_TITLE')ITEM_TITLE: string = '标题';/** The item content.*/@LocalStorageProp('ITEM_CONTENT') ITEM_CONTENT: string = '天气不错';/** The action type.*/readonly ACTION_TYPE: string = 'router';/** The ability name.*/readonly ABILITY_NAME: string = 'EntryAbility';/** The message.*/readonly MESSAGE: string = '来自服务卡片';/** The mini display priority.*/readonly MINI_DISPLAY_PRIORITY: number = 2;/** The max line.*/readonly MAX_LINES: number = 1;/** The with percentage setting.*/readonly FULL_WIDTH_PERCENT: string = '100%';/** The height percentage setting.*/readonly FULL_HEIGHT_PERCENT: string = '100%';/** Image height percentage setting.*/readonly IMAGE_HEIGHT_PERCENT: string = '64%';@State mini: boolean = false;@State rectWidth: string = '30%'@LocalStorageProp('formId') formId: string = '0';build() {Row() {Column() {if (this.mini) {Column() {Text(this.MINI_TITLE).fontSize($r('app.float.mini_title_font_size')).fontColor($r('app.color.mini_text_font_color')).margin({left: $r('app.float.mini_title_margin'),bottom: $r('app.float.mini_title_margin')})}.width(this.FULL_WIDTH_PERCENT).alignItems(HorizontalAlign.End).backgroundImageSize(ImageSize.Cover).backgroundImage($r("app.media.ic_widget"), ImageRepeat.NoRepeat).displayPriority(this.MINI_DISPLAY_PRIORITY)}Stack(){Image($r("app.media.ic_widget")).width(this.FULL_WIDTH_PERCENT).height('100%').objectFit(ImageFit.Cover).borderRadius($r('app.float.image_border_radius'))Rect().width(this.rectWidth).height('100%').fill('#60ff0000').animation({duration: 3000,curve: Curve.Linear,playMode: PlayMode.Normal,iterations: -1,onFinish:()=>{if(this.rectWidth == '30%'){this.rectWidth = '50%'} else {this.rectWidth = '30%'}}})Row(){Column({space: 20}){Text('call').fontColor(Color.Red).onClick(()=>{console.log('formId: '+this.formId)postCardAction(this, {'action': 'call','abilityName': 'EntryAbility','params': {'method': 'funA','formId': this.formId}});})Text('router').onClick(()=>{postCardAction(this, {'action': 'router','abilityName': 'EntryAbility','params': {'msgTest': 'messageEvent'}});})}Column(){Text('message').fontColor(Color.Green).onClick(()=>{postCardAction(this, {'action': 'message','params': {'msgTest': 'messageEvent'}});})}}.height('100%')}.width(this.FULL_WIDTH_PERCENT).height(this.IMAGE_HEIGHT_PERCENT)Blank()Text(this.ITEM_TITLE).fontSize($r('app.float.normal_title_font_size'))Text(this.ITEM_CONTENT).maxLines(this.MAX_LINES).fontSize($r('app.float.normal_content_font_size')).textOverflow({ overflow: TextOverflow.Ellipsis })}.width(this.FULL_WIDTH_PERCENT).height(this.FULL_HEIGHT_PERCENT).alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start).backgroundColor($r('app.color.start_window_background'))}.height(this.FULL_HEIGHT_PERCENT).alignItems(VerticalAlign.Top).padding($r('app.float.row_padding')).onClick(() => {postCardAction(this, {"action": this.ACTION_TYPE,"abilityName": this.ABILITY_NAME,"params": {"message": this.MESSAGE}});})}
}- 修改应用入口EntryAbility.ets
import window from '@ohos.window';
import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
import formBindingData from '@ohos.app.form.formBindingData';
import formProvider from '@ohos.app.form.formProvider';
import formInfo from '@ohos.app.form.formInfo';export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {storage: LocalStorageonCreate(want, launchParam) {try{let params = JSON.parse(want.parameters.params);console.log('onCreate ' + params['message'])this.storage = new LocalStorage({'ext': params['message']})} catch (e){console.log(e)}try{// 监听call事件所需的方法this.callee.on('funA', FunACall);} catch (e){console.log(e)}if (want.parameters[formInfo.FormParam.IDENTITY_KEY] !== undefined) {let curFormId = want.parameters[formInfo.FormParam.IDENTITY_KEY];updateCardContent(curFormId, "EntryAbility", "router-welcome")}}onNewWant(want, launchParam) {try{let params = JSON.parse(want.parameters.params);console.log('onNewWant ' + params['message'])this.storage = new LocalStorage({'ext': params['message']})} catch (e){console.log(e)}}onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: window.WindowStage) {windowStage.loadContent('pages/Index', this.storage, (err, data) => {});}onDestroy(){console.log('onDestroy')// this.callee.off('funA')}}// 在收到call事件后会触发callee监听的方法
function FunACall(data) {// 获取call事件中传递的所有参数try{let params = JSON.parse(data.readString())if (params.formId !== undefined) {let curFormId = params.formId;updateCardContent(curFormId, "EntryAbility", "caller-welcome")}} catch (e){console.log(e)}return null;
}function updateCardContent(formId, method, content){let formData = {'ITEM_TITLE': method, // 和卡片布局中对应'ITEM_CONTENT': content, // 和卡片布局中对应};let formInfo = formBindingData.createFormBindingData(formData)formProvider.updateForm(formId, formInfo).then((data) => {console.info('FormAbility updateForm success.' + JSON.stringify(data));}).catch((error) => {console.error('FormAbility updateForm failed: ' + JSON.stringify(error));})
}
修改应用入入口页面Index.ets
let storage = new LocalStorage()@Entry(storage)
@Component
struct Page {@State message: string = 'Hello World'@LocalStorageProp('ext') extLocalStorageParms: string = '';aboutToAppear(){console.log(this.extLocalStorageParms)if(this.extLocalStorageParms){this.message = this.extLocalStorageParms}}build() {Row() {Column() {Text(this.message).fontSize(50).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)}.width('100%')}.height('100%')}}- 修改应用入入口页面Index.ets
let storage = new LocalStorage()@Entry(storage)
@Component
struct Page {@State message: string = 'Hello World'@LocalStorageProp('ext') extLocalStorageParms: string = '';aboutToAppear(){console.log(this.extLocalStorageParms)if(this.extLocalStorageParms){this.message = this.extLocalStorageParms}}build() {Row() {Column() {Text(this.message).fontSize(50).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)}.width('100%')}.height('100%')}}- 修改EntryFormAbility.ets
import formInfo from '@ohos.app.form.formInfo';
import formBindingData from '@ohos.app.form.formBindingData';
import FormExtensionAbility from '@ohos.app.form.FormExtensionAbility';
import formProvider from '@ohos.app.form.formProvider';export default class EntryFormAbility extends FormExtensionAbility {onAddForm(want) {// Called to return a FormBindingData object.let formId = want.parameters["ohos.extra.param.key.form_identity"];let formData: Record<string, string> = {'formId': formId};console.log('onAddForm '+formId)let data = formBindingData.createFormBindingData(formData);setTimeout(()=>{formProvider.updateForm(formId, data).then((data) => {console.info('FormAbility updateForm success.' + JSON.stringify(data));}).catch((error) => {console.error('FormAbility updateForm failed: ' + JSON.stringify(error));})}, 1500)return data}onCastToNormalForm(formId) {// Called when the form provider is notified that a temporary form is successfully// converted to a normal form.console.log('onCastToNormalForm')}onUpdateForm(formId) {// Called to notify the form provider to update a specified form.console.log('onUpdateForm')}onChangeFormVisibility(newStatus) {// Called when the form provider receives form events from the system.console.log('onChangeFormVisibility')}onFormEvent(formId, message) {// Called when a specified message event defined by the form provider is triggered.console.log(message)this.updateCardContent(formId)}onRemoveForm(formId) {// Called to notify the form provider that a specified form has been destroyed.console.log('onRemoveForm')}onAcquireFormState(want) {// Called to return a {@link FormState} object.return formInfo.FormState.READY;}updateCardContent(formId){let formData = {'ITEM_TITLE': 'EntryFormAbility', // 和卡片布局中对应'ITEM_CONTENT': 'welcome', // 和卡片布局中对应};let formInfo = formBindingData.createFormBindingData(formData)formProvider.updateForm(formId, formInfo).then((data) => {console.info('FormAbility updateForm success.' + JSON.stringify(data));}).catch((error) => {console.error('FormAbility updateForm failed: ' + JSON.stringify(error));})}
};- 在module.json5中添加权限
"requestPermissions": [{"name": "ohos.permission.KEEP_BACKGROUND_RUNNING","usedScene": {"abilities": ["EntryAbility"],"when": "inuse"}}]7. 最后一步，请确认你的打包方式没有选择“Deploy Multi Hap Packages”, 否则将无法看到服务卡片内容
