mysql在linux下安装与配置
一、MySQL 安装
本教程的系统平台：CentOS release 6.6 (Final) 64位。
1、安装编译工具及库文件
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf libtool-ltdl-devel gd-devel freetype-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel curl-devel bison patch unzip libmcrypt-devel libmhash-devel ncurses-devel sudo bzip2 flex libaio-devel2、 安装cmake 编译器
cmake 版本：cmake-3.1.1。
2.1、下载地址：http://www.cmake.org/files/v3.1/cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz
$ wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v3.1/cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz2.2、解压安装包
$ tar zxvf cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz2.3、进入安装包目录
$ cd cmake-3.1.12.4、编译安装
$ ./bootstrap $ make && make install3、安装 MySQL
MySQL版本：mysql-5.6.15。
3.1、下载地址： http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz
$ wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz3.2、解压安装包
$ tar zxvf mysql-5.6.15.tar.gz3.3、进入安装包目录
$ cd mysql-5.6.153.4、编译安装
$ cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_INNODB_MEMCACHED=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=OFF -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DENABLED_PROFILING=ON -DMYSQL_MAINTAINER_MODE=OFF -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 $ make && make install3.5、查看mysql版本:
$ /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql --version到此，mysql安装完成。
二、MySQL 配置
1、创建mysql运行使用的用户mysql
$ /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql $ /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql2、创建binlog和库的存储路径并赋予mysql用户权限
$ mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog /www/data_mysql
$ chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog/ /www/data_mysql/3、创建my.cnf配置文件
将/etc/my.cnf替换为下面内容
$ cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /www/data_mysql
log-error = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid
open_files_limit = 65535
back_log = 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 1000
table_open_cache = 1024
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 600
#thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 128M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
default-tmp-storage-engine=MYISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 128M
max_heap_table_size = 128M
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog/binlog
binlog-do-db=oa_fb
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
relay-log-index = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 10
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
#master-host = 192.168.1.2
#master-user = username
#master-password = password
#master-port = 3306
server-id = 1
loose-innodb-trx=0
loose-innodb-locks=0
loose-innodb-lock-waits=0
loose-innodb-cmp=0
loose-innodb-cmp-per-index=0
loose-innodb-cmp-per-index-reset=0
loose-innodb-cmp-reset=0
loose-innodb-cmpmem=0
loose-innodb-cmpmem-reset=0
loose-innodb-buffer-page=0
loose-innodb-buffer-page-lru=0
loose-innodb-buffer-pool-stats=0
loose-innodb-metrics=0
loose-innodb-ft-default-stopword=0
loose-innodb-ft-inserted=0
loose-innodb-ft-deleted=0
loose-innodb-ft-being-deleted=0
loose-innodb-ft-config=0
loose-innodb-ft-index-cache=0
loose-innodb-ft-index-table=0
loose-innodb-sys-tables=0
loose-innodb-sys-tablestats=0
loose-innodb-sys-indexes=0
loose-innodb-sys-columns=0
loose-innodb-sys-fields=0
loose-innodb-sys-foreign=0
loose-innodb-sys-foreign-cols=0 slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql_slow.log
long_query_time = 1
[mysqldump]
quick max_allowed_packet = 32M4、初始化数据库
$/usr/local/webserver/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql注意：初始化时可能会报FATAL ERROR: Could not find /fill_help_tables.sql错误，需要进到安装目录执行。
显示如下信息：
Installing MySQL system tables...
2024-06-12 13:18:51 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). OK Filling help tables...
2024-06-12 13:18:57 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). OK ...5、创建开机启动脚本
$ cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql/ $ cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
$ chkconfig --add mysqld $ chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on6、启动mysql服务器
$ service mysqld start7、连接 MySQL
$ /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p修改MySQL用户密码
mysqladmin -u用户名 -p旧密码 password 新密码或进入mysql命令行
SET PASSWORD FOR '用户名'@'主机' = PASSWORD(‘密码');创建新用户并授权:
grant all privileges on *.* to 用户名@'%' identified by '密码' with grant option;其他命令
启动：service mysqld start
停止：service mysqld stop
重启：service mysqld restart
重载配置：service mysqld reload8、添加MySQL服务到系统服务
为了方便管理MySQL服务，可以将其添加为系统服务。
具体方法取决于您的Linux发行版，例如在Systemd系统中，可以创建一个.service文件。
9、 测试安装
通过以下命令测试MySQL是否安装成功：
mysql -u root -p输入密码后，如果能成功进入MySQL命令行界面，说明安装配置完成。
三、mysql启动失败：不能创建pid文件
2024-06-12T07:51:38.905444Z 0 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Can't create/write to file '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid' (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)2024-06-12T07:51:38.905481Z 0 [ERROR] Can't start server: can't create PID file: No such file or directory2024-06-12T07:51:38.931861Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid这个文件路径是在“/etc/init.d/mysqld”中配置的
解决：
1、创建文件
cd /var/runmkdir mysqldcd mysqldtouch mysqld.pidsync2、修改 /var/run/mysqld/权限为mysql
chown -R mysql /var/run/mysqldchgrp -R mysql /var/run/mysqldchmod 777 /var/run/mysqld再次重启，成功。