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【Ruby爬虫01】某吃瓜网站图片数据采集

news 来源：原创 2024/6/30 18:43:10

介绍

由于最近在学习Ruby，写一个爬虫锻炼一下。涉及xml解析、多线程、xpath语法等基础知识。

实现代码

使用说明

使用前请先安装如下gem

gem install  nokogiri http openssl# nokogiri：一个解析xml和html的库，支持css、xpath语法
# http：一个发送http请求的库

源代码

require 'nokogiri'  
require 'openssl'  
require 'time'  
require 'http'  
require 'thread'  # 由于网站涉不良内容，网站已编码，自行研究解码方式  
BASE_URL = 'l5VKR[9`aI10.P;m*LzIh,]@P17&0^F' # AES-128-CBC解密 ，网站图片有加密，需要解密 
def aes_128_cbc_decrypt(encrypted_data, key = 'f5d965df75336270', iv = '97b60394abc2fbe1')  aes = OpenSSL::Cipher.new('aes-128-cbc')  aes.decrypt  aes.key = key  aes.iv = iv  aes.padding = 0  # 禁用填充  aes.update(encrypted_data) + aes.final  
end  # 获取页面  
def get_page_doc(page_url)   begin    # 使用HTTP.follow自动跟随重定向  resp = HTTP.follow.get(page_url)  # 转换为doc  doc = Nokogiri::HTML(resp.body.to_s)  rescue Exception => e  puts e.message  end  doc  
end  # 获取列表页面  
def fetch_list_urls(doc)  page_list = []  urls = []  infos = []  # 获取页面链接地址  doc.xpath('//*[@id="archive"]/article/a/@href').each do |link|  # 添加  urls << BASE_URL + link  end  # 匹配标题及发布时间  doc.xpath('//*[@class="post-card"]/div[2]/div').each do |title|  info = {}  if title.content.gsub(/\s+/,'')!=''  # 获取标题  t = title.xpath('h2[@class="post-card-title"]/text()')[0].content  # 获取发布时间  time_str = title.xpath('div[@class="post-card-info"]/span[2]/@content')[0].content  publish_time = Time.parse(time_str).strftime('%Y/%m/%d')  info['title'] , info['publish_time']= t ,publish_time  infos << info  else  # 内容为空的都为广告  info['title'], info['publish_time'] = '',''  infos << info  end  end  # 转换hash对象  urls.each_with_index do |url, i|  page= {'url' => url,'title'=>infos[i]['title'],'publish_time'=> infos[i]['publish_time']}  page_list << page  end  # 返回page_list  page_list  
end  # 获取某一页的图片  
def fetch_page(title,page_url)   doc = get_page_doc(page_url)  # 去除特殊字符，不然创建目录会失败，windows环境  title = title.gsub(/[“”：、\-*<>?\|\/？!！\s]*/,'')  # filename = "images/#{title}"  filename = File.join(File.dirname($0), "images/#{title}")  unless doc.nil?  # 创建目录  Dir.mkdir(filename) unless Dir.exist?(filename)  # 匹配页面中的图片  urls = doc.xpath('//*[@itemprop="articleBody"]/p/img/@data-xkrkllgl')  # 将url添加进队列  work_queue = Queue.new  urls.each { |img_url| work_queue << img_url }  workers = (1..urls.size).map do |i|  Thread.new(i) do  begin            while (img_url = work_queue.pop(true))  begin  p "下载图片：#{img_url.content}"  # 读取图片数据，设置超时时间为3s  raw_data = HTTP.timeout(3).get(img_url.content).body.to_s  sleep 0.1  # 解密保存  raw_data = aes_128_cbc_decrypt(raw_data)  File.binwrite("#{filename}/image#{i}.jpg", raw_data)  rescue Exception => e  p e.message  next  end            end          rescue ThreadError    end  end    end    workers.map(&:join)  end  
end  def start_crawl  page_index = 1  loop do  begin      url = "#{BASE_URL}category/wpcz/#{page_index}/" # 今日吃瓜页面  p "正在抓取#{page_index}页，地址：#{url}"  doc = get_page_doc(url)  fetch_list_urls(doc).each do |page|  fetch_page(page['title'],page['url'])  end  # 匹配下一页按钮  next_page_xpath = '//*[@class="page-navigator"]/ol/li[@class="btn btn-primary next"]/a/text()'  # 退出抓取的条件  break if  doc.xpath(next_page_xpath)[0].content != "下一页"  # 抓取下一页  page_index += 1  sleep 0.1  rescue Exception => e  p e.message  page_index += 1  next  end  endend  # 执行抓取方法  
if __FILE__==$0  start_crawl  
end