2024年8月7日（mysql主从 ）
回顾
主服务器
[root@master_mysql ~]# yum -y install rsync
[root@master_mysql ~]# tar -xf mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
[root@master_mysql ~]# tar -xf mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@master_mysql ~]# cp -r mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@master_mysql ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@master_mysql mysql]# mkdir mysql-files
[root@master_mysql mysql]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql[root@master_mysql mysql]# id mysql
uid=997(mysql) gid=995(mysql) 组=995(mysql)
[root@master_mysql mysql]# chown mysql:mysql ./mysql-files/[root@master_mysql mysql]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
[root@master_mysql mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/[root@master_mysql mysql]# ./bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@master_mysql mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql8
[root@master_mysql mysql]# vim my.cnf
[mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data socket=/tmp/mysql.sock port=3306 log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-master.err log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/binlog server-id=10 character_set_server=utf8mb4[root@master_mysql mysql]# service mysql8 start
. SUCCESS!
[root@master_mysql mysql]# ./bin/mysql -P 3306 -pmysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
mysql> exit[root@master_mysql mysql]# service mysql8 restart
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
从服务器（不用初始化也不用启动）
[root@slave_mysql ~]# yum -y install rsync
[root@slave_mysql ~]# tar -xf mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
[root@slave_mysql ~]# tar -xf mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz[root@slave_mysql ~]# cp -r mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@slave_mysql ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@slave_mysql ~]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
[root@slave_mysql ~]# chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files/[root@slave_mysql ~]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
[root@slave_mysql ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql8
主服务器（同步）
[root@master_mysql ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf
[root@master_mysql ~]# service mysql8 stop
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@master_mysql ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf
[root@master_mysql ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/data/
[root@master_mysql ~]# rsync -av /usr/local/mysql/data root@192.168.8.165:/usr/local/mysql/ #从服务器IP地址
从服务器
[root@slave_mysql ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql/data/my.cnf
[mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data socket=/tmp/mysql.sock log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/err.log log-relay=/usr/local/mysql/data/relaylog character_set_server=utf8mb4 server-id=11[root@slave_mysql ~]# service mysql8 start
[root@slave_mysql ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -p123456
1、 主从复制的实现
[root@master_mysql ~]# vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH[root@master_mysql ~]# sorce /etc/profile
mysql> create user 'slave'@'192.168.8.%' identified by 'slave_123' '; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave'@'192.168.8.%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> flush tables with read lock; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show master status;
[root@slave_mysql ~]# vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH[root@slave_mysql ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@slave_mysql ~]# mysql -h192.168.8.164 -uslave -pslave_123 --get-server-public-key
[root@slave_mysql ~]# mysql -p123456 -P3306
mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)mysql> reset slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)mysql> change master to-> master_host='192.168.8.164',-> master_user='slave',-> master_password='slave_123',-> master_log_file='binlog.000009',-> master_log_pos=447; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 8 warnings (0.00 sec)mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) mysql> show slave status\G;
2、主服务器创建表并向表里添加数据
mysql> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> create database if not exists test charset utf8mb4; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> use test; Database changed mysql> create table student(id int primary key,name varchar(45) not null,gender varchar(4) not null); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> insert into student values(1,'张三','男'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)mysql> insert into student values(2,'凤凰','女'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> insert into student values(3,'张三','男'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from student; +----+--------+--------+ | id | name | gender | +----+--------+--------+ | 1 | 张三 | 男 | | 2 | 凤凰 | 女 | | 3 | 张三 | 男 | +----+--------+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3、从服务器查看同步并写入东西（从服务器不容许写入东西）
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> use test; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed mysql> select * from student; +----+--------+--------+ | id | name | gender | +----+--------+--------+ | 1 | 张三 | 男 | | 2 | 凤凰 | 女 | | 3 | 张三 | 男 | +----+--------+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into student values(4,'李网','女'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from student; +----+--------+--------+ | id | name | gender | +----+--------+--------+ | 1 | 张三 | 男 | | 2 | 凤凰 | 女 | | 3 | 张三 | 男 | | 4 | 李网 | 女 | +----+--------+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4、主服务器插入数据
mysql> insert into student values(6,'章节','男'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> select * from student; +----+--------+--------+ | id | name | gender | +----+--------+--------+ | 1 | 张三 | 男 | | 2 | 凤凰 | 女 | | 3 | 张三 | 男 | | 6 | 章节 | 男 | +----+--------+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
5、从服务器查看同步
mysql> select * from student; +----+--------+--------+ | id | name | gender | +----+--------+--------+ | 1 | 张三 | 男 | | 2 | 凤凰 | 女 | | 3 | 张三 | 男 | | 4 | 李网 | 女 | | 6 | 章节 | 男 | +----+--------+--------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
二、SQL语句
1、新增
1. insert into库名称.表名
（id，username，password）values（1,"abc","123"）
2. insert into 表名称 values(1, "name","word")
3. insert into 表名称 select* from 其他表
4. insert into 表 values (),()
2、删除
1. delete from 表名
2. deletefrom表名称 where id=3
3. delete from 表名称 where age>8
4. delete from 表 where name on （"a","b","c"）
3、修改
1. update mysql.user set host='%' where name='root'
2. update user set password='abc' where username="zhangsan"
4、查询
1. 单表查询
1.1 select 字段名列表 from表名称，索引
1.2
5、远程连接数据库的
username
password
url （mysql IP或者域名 数据库名称 端口号 ）
mysql> create user 'li'@'%' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> grant all on *.* to 'li'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> select count(*) from student;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 4 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)mysql> select count(1) from student;
+----------+
| count(1) |
+----------+
| 4 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)mysql> select a.*,b.* from student as a,student as b;
+----+--------+--------+----+--------+--------+
| id | name | gender | id | name | gender |
+----+--------+--------+----+--------+--------+
| 6 | 章节 | 男 | 1 | 张三 | 男 |
| 3 | 张三 | 男 | 1 | 张三 | 男 |
| 2 | 凤凰 | 女 | 1 | 张三 | 男 |
| 1 | 张三 | 男 | 1 | 张三 | 男 |
| 6 | 章节 | 男 | 2 | 凤凰 | 女 |
| 3 | 张三 | 男 | 2 | 凤凰 | 女 |
| 2 | 凤凰 | 女 | 2 | 凤凰 | 女 |
| 1 | 张三 | 男 | 2 | 凤凰 | 女 |
| 6 | 章节 | 男 | 3 | 张三 | 男 |
| 3 | 张三 | 男 | 3 | 张三 | 男 |
| 2 | 凤凰 | 女 | 3 | 张三 | 男 |
| 1 | 张三 | 男 | 3 | 张三 | 男 |
| 6 | 章节 | 男 | 6 | 章节 | 男 |
| 3 | 张三 | 男 | 6 | 章节 | 男 |
| 2 | 凤凰 | 女 | 6 | 章节 | 男 |
| 1 | 张三 | 男 | 6 | 章节 | 男 |
+----+--------+--------+----+--------+--------+#别名
mysql> select id as 编号,name,gender from student;
+--------+--------+--------+
| 编号 | name | gender |
+--------+--------+--------+
| 1 | 张三 | 男 |
| 2 | 凤凰 | 女 |
| 3 | 张三 | 男 |
| 6 | 章节 | 男 |
+--------+--------+--------+
6、mysql函数
排序：max min
汇总：count sum avg
数制：二进制 八进制 十进制 十六进制
只有select子句和having子句，order by 子句中能使用聚合函数1，where子句红中不能使用聚合函数，当使用聚合函数查询以后，不能使用where条件，如果添加条件 ，就使用having
mysql> select * from student order by gender desc; +----+--------+--------+ | id | name | gender | +----+--------+--------+ | 1 | 张三 | 男 | | 3 | 张三 | 男 | | 6 | 章节 | 男 | | 2 | 凤凰 | 女 | +----+--------+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from student order by gender asc; +----+--------+--------+ | id | name | gender | +----+--------+--------+ | 2 | 凤凰 | 女 | | 1 | 张三 | 男 | | 3 | 张三 | 男 | | 6 | 章节 | 男 | +----+--------+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select gender as 性别,count(gender) as 人数 from student grroup by gender; +--------+--------+ | 性别 | 人数 | +--------+--------+ | 男 | 3 | | 女 | 1 | +--------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> create table product(-> id int primary key auto_increment,-> name varchar(45) not null,-> price float not null,-> qty int not null); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> desc product; +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | varchar(45) | NO | | NULL | | | price | float | NO | | NULL | | | qty | int | NO | | NULL | | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> insert into product (name,price,qty) values("香蕉",8.5,200); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into product (name,price,qty) values("苹果",12.5,40)0); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into product (name,price,qty) values("菠萝",12.4,700); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> insert into product (name,price,qty) values("哈密瓜",18.3,7400); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from product order by price; +----+-----------+-------+-----+ | id | name | price | qty | +----+-----------+-------+-----+ | 1 | 香蕉 | 8.5 | 200 | | 3 | 菠萝 | 12.4 | 70 | | 2 | 苹果 | 12.5 | 400 | | 4 | 哈密瓜 | 18.3 | 400 | +----+-----------+-------+-----+mysql> select * from (select * from product order by qty) as a ordder by a.price; +----+-----------+-------+-----+ | id | name | price | qty | +----+-----------+-------+-----+ | 1 | 香蕉 | 8.5 | 200 | | 3 | 菠萝 | 12.4 | 70 | | 2 | 苹果 | 12.5 | 400 | | 4 | 哈密瓜 | 18.3 | 400 | +----+-----------+-------+-----+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select max(price) from product; +------------+ | max(price) | +------------+ | 18.3 | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select min(price) from product; +------------+ | min(price) | +------------+ | 8.5 | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select sum(price) from product; +-------------------+ | sum(price) | +-------------------+ | 51.69999885559082 | +-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)