Unit 19 Technology Communication
I.名词性从句在雅思写作中的运用
英语中哪些位置可以放名词？
1）主语
2）宾语
3）表语
4）同位语
名词的位置放一个句子=名词性从句
主语的位置放一个句子=主语从句
英语中四大名词性从句
1）主语从句
2）宾语从句
3）表语从句
4）同位语从句
Eg: I told you a story.(主+谓+宾+宾)
I told you that I met Johnson yesterday.
I told you a story that I met Johnson yesterday.
名词性从句在雅思写作中如何运用？
分类：陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句
1、陈述句
“that +陈述句” 放入句子，充当主语、宾语、表语、或同位语
第一步：陈述句前面加that。
第二步：放在句首充当主语、放在动词或介词后面充当宾语、放在系动词后面充当表语及放在名词后面充当同位语。
Eg: I told you that I met Johnson yesterday.
肯定语气陈叙句
I told you a story that I met Johnson yesterday.
同位语从句
陈述句在雅思写作中运用举例
普遍认为环境对人的性格有深远的影响。
The environment has a profound effect on one's personality.
People commonly believe (that) the environment has a profound effect on one's personality.
That the environment has a profound effect on one's personality is commonly believed.
= It is commonly believed that the environment has a profound effect on one's personality.
• It is commonly believed that...
• It is widely accepted that...
• It is generally acknowledged that...
医学已经证明动物脂肪和过量的糖分摄入对健康有害。
Medical science has proved (that) animal fats and excessive intake of sugar damage people's health.
认为机器人将令人类变得多余和可替代的假设是站不住脚的。
The assumption is groundless.
Robots will make humans redundant and replaceable .
The assumption that robots will make humans redundant and replaceable is groundless.
[替代类]
Internet ; teacher
Library/museum/art gallery
e-book; p-book
2、一般疑问句
一般疑问句
还原成陈述句
Whether or not + 还原后的陈述句
放入句子，充当主语、宾语、表语、或同位语
Did you see the film?
You saw the film.
I asked whether or not you saw the film.
关于该不该容许小孩打电子游戏有着一场激烈的争论。
Should children be allowed to play computer games?
Children should be allowed to play computer games.
There is a heated debate over whether or not children should be allowed to play computer games.
该不该在公共场所安装摄像机引发了公众的广泛关心。
Should cameras be installed in public?
Cameras should be installed in public.
Whether or not cameras should be installed in public has aroused wide public concern.
3、特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
特殊疑问词+陈述句
放入句子，充当主语、宾语、表语、或同位语
Did you see the film?
What did you see?
What you saw
I asked what you saw.
我不肯定我该赞成谁的意见。
Whose idea should i agree with?
Whose idea I should agree with.
I am not sure whose idea I should agree with.
我们还不清楚太空探索将给我们带来什么好处。
What benefits will space exploration bring to us?
What benefits space exploration will bring to us.
We are still not sure what benefits space exploration will bring to us.
如何恰当地处置核废料对于科学家和政治家们是个迫切的问题。
How can the nuclear waste be properly disposed of?
How the nuclear waste can be properly disposed of.
How the nuclear waste can be properly disposed of is an urgent problem for scientists and politicians.
Who
Who should be responsible for environmental conservation?
Who should be responsible for environmental conservation is generally acknowledged.
II.雅思写作首段技巧讲解
1）背景句
2）改写题目
3）观点句
Some people think old people should live with children while others argue they should be sent to nursing homes. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
The proportion of the aging population is on the rise. There is a heated debate over whether or not old people should live with their children. Some can hardly subscribe to the opinion and they believe nursing homes can provide better and more professional care. I am not sure whose idea I should agree with.
III. Unit19讲解
1.Model1对应题目分析
Some people say that mobile phones represent a danger to users because of the possible health issues, such as cancer or brain damage, associated with them. Others say that mobile phones are a great benefit to mankind.
2.Model2对应题目分析
Some people say that it is dangerous to use cell phones in cars because of the risk of accidents. Others believe that having a cell 'phone in your car is better for safety. Evaluate these two viewpoints and give your own opinion.
3.Model1和model2题目之间的联系性
4.【手机】真题与model1、model2题目的联系性
There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobiles. What forms do they take? Do the problems outweigh the benefits?
5.Model1范文分析
Model 1
Mobile phones are becoming increasingly popular nowadays, and the number of people using them has grown hugely, especially in developing countries. There is some debate about the safety of mobile phones, but in my opinion, the benefits from these phones are far greater than any possible health risks.
There is some concern that mobile phones may cause brain damage or cancer because of the radiation they emit while they are being used. Some people are also worried that cell phone towers may be bad for health. However, researchers have conducted experiments over many years to find out if this is true, and so far they have found no evidence for this.
On the other hand, mobile phones have many benefits, both for individuals and for isolated communities. They help individuals to communicate quickly and easily, and they can be used both for social reasons and in emergencies. For example, people can use them to contact their friends and, if they use texting, the phones are cheap and convenient. They are also very useful if someone has an accident while driving. In addition, isolated communities which do not have land lines can use mobile phones to contact the outside world, and this is much cheaper than installing landline phones.
In conclusion, although some people are worried about the health risks of cell phones, there is little or no evidence for this. However, there is a lot of evidence for the benefits of cell phones, so in my opinion we should not worry about the dangers of cell phone use.
6.Model2范文分析
Model 2
More and more people are using mobile phones nowadays, and the number of people using these phones in their cars has increased. There is some debate about the safety of mobile phone use in cars. Some people believe they make car travel safer but others think they can cause accidents. This essay will evaluate these two ideas and give my opinion.
Mobile phones can make car travel safer because they allow people to quickly and easily contact emergency services if there is an accident. For example, if someone sees an accident while driving, they can call an ambulance and help can arrive very quickly. Similarly, if a driver is threatened by other drivers or by thieves, he can lock his car doors and contact the police without leaving his vehicle. In addition, mobile phones can help people to get directions if they get lost while travelling to their destination.
However, although mobile phones can increase safety, they should not be used to chat while driving. This is very dangerous, because it can lead to loss of concentration and to car accidents. The three main causes of car accidents are careless driving, alcohol and talking while driving. Even a hands-free phone is dangerous, because the driver is not concentrating on the road while he or she is talking.
In conclusion, although mobile phones can make driving safer in some situations, we should not use them to talk to our friends or family while we are driving. This is very dangerous, and causes many accidents every year.
7.Model1及model2词、词组及句型分析
model1
Mobile phones are becoming increasingly popular nowadays, and the number of people using them has grown hugely, especially in developing countries. There is some debate about the safety of mobile phones, but in my opinion, the benefits from these phones are far greater than any possible health risks.
There is some concern that mobile phones may cause brain damage or cancer because of the radiation they emit while they are being used. Some people are also worried that cell phone towers may be bad for health. However, researchers have conducted experiments over many years to find out if this is true, and so far they have found no evidence for this.
On the other hand, mobile phones have many benefits, both for individuals and for isolated communities. They help individuals to communicate quickly and easily, and they can be used both for social reasons and in emergencies. For example, people can use them to contact their friends and, if they use texting, the phones are cheap and convenient. They are also very useful if someone has an accident while driving. In addition, isolated communities which do not have land lines can use mobile phones to contact the outside world, and this is much cheaper than installing landline phones.
In conclusion, although some people are worried about the health risks of cell phones, there is little or no evidence for this. However, there is a lot of evidence for the benefits of cell phones, so in my opinion we should not worry about the dangers of cell phone use.
Model 2
More and more people are using mobile phones nowadays, and the number of people using these phones in their cars has increased. There is some debate about the safety of mobile phone use in cars. Some people believe they make car travel safer but others think they can cause accidents. This essay will evaluate these two ideas and give my opinion.
Mobile phones can make car travel safer because they allow people to quickly and easily contact emergency services if there is an accident. For example, if someone sees an accident while driving, they can call an ambulance and help can arrive very quickly. Similarly, if a driver is threatened by other drivers or by thieves, he can lock his car doors and contact the police without leaving his vehicle. In addition, mobile phones can help people to get directions if they get lost while travelling to their destination.
However, although mobile phones can increase safety, they should not be used to chat while driving. This is very dangerous, because it can lead to loss of concentration and to car accidents. The three main causes of car accidents are careless driving, alcohol and talking while driving. Even a hands-free phone is dangerous, because the driver is not concentrating on the road while he or she is talking.
In conclusion, although mobile phones can make driving safer in some situations, we should not use them to talk to our friends or family while we are driving. This is very dangerous, and causes many accidents every year.
8.Unit19课后练习讲解
1）练习1
Complete the table below for the listed words.
| Verbs | Verb forms | Nouns |
| install | installs, installed, installing | installation |
| concentrate | ||
| isolate | ||
| emit | ||
| text | ||
| conduct | ||
| risk | ||
| research |
2）练习2
Choose the correct verb tense: NB: There may be more than one correct answer. Some verbs are passive! Think carefully: Who did the action?
a. Nowadays, many people (buy) ___________ cell phones, and the number of cell phones (increase) __________ over the past fifteen years. As a result, many cell phone towers (build) _____________ in urban areas, and some people (think) _________________ this (represent) ____________ a danger to health. They also (believe) _____________ that cell phones users may (run the risk) ___________ of brain damage or cancer, because of the radiation that cell phones (emit) ____________. Consequently, many experiments (conduct) __________ in a variety of countries to find out if cell phones (pose) __________ a danger to health. So far, no evidence (find) __________for this, but it (be) _____________ possible that such evidence may be found in the future.
b. Nowadays, many people (drive) __________ private cars, and the number of cars in cities (rise) ______________ hugely over the past fifty years. As a result, many new motorways and roads (construct) ____________ in urban areas, and this (represent) ___________ a danger to health because of the gases that (emit) ____________by car exhausts. It (be) ____________ also a big problem because of the congestion that cars (cause) ___________ in inner city areas. Consequently, many new policies (develop) ____________ in a variety of countries to try to manage private car use in inner city areas. So far, no perfect solution (find) __________ for this problem, but we (hope) that this problem will be solved in the future.
3）练习3
The paragraphs below have correct grammar, but the writing is in a very bad style because no reference words have been used. Rewrite them, using the words above to link ideas and avoid repetition. You will need to remove many words and change some words. There are many correct answers. See how many words you can remove!
a. One major issue with playing computer games is the tendency for people to play for hours and neglect their studies. If people stay up very late, people will have trouble getting up in the morning for school or work. If teenagers waste a lot of time playing on the computer and do no exercise, wasting time playing on the computer and doing no exercise can lead to health and obesity problems. (72 words--aim to remove 9 words)
b. Many people believe that cigarettes cause lung cancer and heart attacks because of the poisons cigarettes put into people's bodies while people are smoking. Researchers have conducted experiments over many years to find out if the belief that cigarettes cause lung cancer and heart attacks is correct, and the researchers have found a lot of evidence that cigarettes cause lung cancer and heart attacks. (65 words -- aim to remove 15 words)
c. In the past twenty years, the amount of traffic on the roads has greatly increased, and the increase in the amount of traffic has led to many problems with traffic jams and pollution in inner city areas. Some countries have limited the use of cars in the inner city by charging fees or restricting the days on which people can drive into the city. The approach of charging fees or restricting the days on which people can drive into the city has some disadvantages, but on the whole charging fees or restricting the days on which people can drive into the city is a good solution to the problems of inner city traffic.
(114 words -- aim to remove 34 words)