全面学习ORACLE Scheduler特性(6)设置Repeat Interval参数

3.3 设置Repeat Interval 　　Job 和Schedule中REPEAT_INTERVAL参数都是用来控制执行的频率或周期，虽然说周期是一个时间性概念，不过REPEAT_INTERVAL指定的时候并不是一个时间值，而是由一组关键字描述的时间。 　　除了前面介绍Job和Schedule的REPEAT_INTERVAL参数时，提到该参数拥有FREQ以及INTERVAL两个关键字，其实除此之外，还有如BYMONTH、BYWEEKNO、BYYEARDAY、BYDATE等等参数，可以用来进行更精确的定义，比如通过BYMONTH关键字指定调度运行的月份，BYDAY指定调度在哪天运行等等。 　　REPEAT_INTERVAL 参数的详细语法如下： repeat_interval = regular_schedule | combined_schedule ＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ regular_schedule = frequency_clause [";" interval_clause] [";" bymonth_clause] [";" byweekno_clause] [";" byyearday_clause] [";" bydate_clause] [";" bymonthday_clause] [";" byday_clause] [";" byhour_clause] [";" byminute_clause] [";" bysecond_clause] [";" bysetpos_clause] [";" include_clause] [";" exclude_clause] [";" intersect_clause][";" periods_clause] [";" byperiod_clause] ＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ combined_schedule = schedule_list [";" include_clause] [";" exclude_clause] [";" intersect_clause] frequency_clause = "FREQ" "=" ( predefined_frequency | user_defined_frequency ) predefined_frequency = "YEARLY" | "MONTHLY" | "WEEKLY" | "DAILY" | "HOURLY" | "MINUTELY" | "SECONDLY" user_defined_frequency = named_schedule ＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ interval_clause = "INTERVAL" "=" intervalnum intervalnum = 1 through 99 bymonth_clause = "BYMONTH" "=" monthlist monthlist = monthday ( "," monthday)* month = numeric_month | char_month numeric_month = 1 | 2 | 3 ... 12 char_month = "JAN" | "FEB" | "MAR" | "APR" | "MAY" | "JUN" | "JUL" | "AUG" | "SEP" | "OCT" | "NOV" | "DEC" byweekno_clause = "BYWEEKNO" "=" weeknumber_list weeknumber_list = weeknumber ( "," weeknumber)* weeknumber = [minus] weekno weekno = 1 through 53 byyearday_clause = "BYYEARDAY" "=" yearday_list yearday_list = yearday ( "," yearday)* yearday = [minus] yeardaynum yeardaynum = 1 through 366 bydate_clause = "BYDATE" "=" date_list date_list = date ( "," date)* date = [YYYY]MMDD [ offset | span ] bymonthday_clause = "BYMONTHDAY" "=" monthday_list monthday_list = monthday ( "," monthday)* monthday = [minus] monthdaynum monthdaynum = 1 through 31 byday_clause = "BYDAY" "=" byday_list byday_list = byday ( "," byday)* byday = [weekdaynum] day weekdaynum = [minus] daynum daynum = 1 through 53 /* if frequency is yearly */ daynum = 1 through 5 /* if frequency is monthly */ day = "MON" | "TUE" | "WED" | "THU" | "FRI" | "SAT" | "SUN" byhour_clause = "BYHOUR" "=" hour_list hour_list = hour ( "," hour)* hour = 0 through 23 byminute_clause = "BYMINUTE" "=" minute_list minute_list = minute ( "," minute)* minute = 0 through 59 bysecond_clause = "BYSECOND" "=" second_list second_list = second ( "," second)* second = 0 through 59 bysetpos_clause = "BYSETPOS" "=" setpos_list setpos_list = setpos ("," setpos)* setpos = [minus] setpos_num setpos_num = 1 through 9999 ＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ include_clause = "INCLUDE" "=" schedule_list exclude_clause = "EXCLUDE" "=" schedule_list intersect_clause = "INTERSECT" "=" schedule_list schedule_list = schedule_clause ("," schedule_clause)* schedule_clause = named_schedule [ offset ] named_schedule = [schema "."] schedule periods_clause = "PERIODS" "=" periodnum byperiod_clause = "BYPERIOD" "=" period_list period_list = periodnum ("," periodnum)* periodnum = 1 through 100 ＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ offset = ("+" | "-") ["OFFSET:"] duration_val span = ("+" | "-" | "^") "SPAN:" duration_val duration_val = dur-weeks | dur_days dur_weeks = numofweeks "W" dur_days = numofdays "D" numofweeks = 1 through 53 numofdays = 1 through 376 minus = "-" 　　这个语法形式看起来复杂无比，其实实用起来很简单，之所以看起来复杂，是因为其功能太过灵活(之前的三思系列笔记中，已经阐述过灵活与复杂的关系)，这里不准备逐条解释每一个语法细节，下面将着重通过一些常用设置，希望能够更有助于广大同仁的理解。 　　例如：设置任务仅在周5的时候运行： REPEAT_INTERVAL => 'FREQ=DAILY; BYDAY=FRI'; REPEAT_INTERVAL => 'FREQ=WEEKLY; BYDAY=FRI'; REPEAT_INTERVAL => 'FREQ=YEARLY; BYDAY=FRI'; 　　上述三条语句虽然指定的关键字小有差异，不过功能相同。 　　设置任务隔一周运行一次，并且仅在周5运行： REPEAT_INTERVAL => 'FREQ=WEEKLY; INTERVAL=2; BYDAY=FRI'; 　　设置任务在当月最后一天运行： REPEAT_INTERVAL => 'FREQ=MONTHLY; BYMONTHDAY=-1'; 　　设置任务在3月10日运行： REPEAT_INTERVAL => 'FREQ=YEARLY; BYMONTH=MAR; BYMONTHDAY=10'; REPEAT_INTERVAL => 'FREQ=YEARLY; BYDATE=0310'; 　　上述两条语句功能相同。 　　设置任务每10隔天运行： REPEAT_INTERVAL => 'FREQ=DAILY; INTERVAL=10'; 　　设置任务在每天的下午4、5、6点时运行： REPEAT_INTERVAL => 'FREQ=DAILY; BYHOUR=16,17,18'; 　　设置任务在每月29日运行： REPEAT_INTERVAL => 'FREQ=MONTHLY; BYMONTHDAY=29'; 　　设置任务在每年的最后一个周5运行： REPEAT_INTERVAL => 'FREQ=YEARLY; BYDAY=-1FRI'; 　　设置任务每隔50个小时运行： REPEAT_INTERVAL => 'FREQ=HOURLY; INTERVAL=50'; 　　另外，你是否在怀念常规job中设置interval的简便，虽然功能较弱，但是设置操作非常简单，无须懊恼，其实SCHEDULER中的REPEAT_INTERVAL也完全可以按照那种方式设置，前面都说了，REPEAT_INTERVAL实际上是指定周期，直接指定一个时间值，当然也是周期喽。 　　比如说，设置任务每天执行一次，也可以设置REPEAT_INTERVAL参数值如下： REPEAT_INTERVAL => 'trunc(sysdate)+1' 　　又比如设置任务每周执行一次： REPEAT_INTERVAL => 'trunc(sysdate)+7' 　　不过需要注意，这种方式仅用于创建SCHEDULER中jobs时使用，不能用于schedule。