Spring中的11个扩展点

1.自定义拦截器

spring mvc拦截器根spring拦截器相比，它里面能够获取HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse等web对象实例。

spring mvc拦截器的顶层接口是：HandlerInterceptor，包含三个方法：

• preHandle 目标方法执行前执行
• postHandle 目标方法执行后执行
• afterCompletion 请求完成时执行

为了方便我们一般情况会用HandlerInterceptor接口的实现类HandlerInterceptorAdapter类。

假如有权限认证、日志、统计的场景，可以使用该拦截器。

public class AuthInterceptor extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter {

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
            throws Exception {
        String requestUrl = request.getRequestURI();
        if (checkAuth(requestUrl)) {
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    private boolean checkAuth(String requestUrl) {
        System.out.println("===权限校验===");
        return true;
    }
}

拦截器注册到spring容器

@Configuration
public class WebAuthConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
 
    @Bean
    public AuthInterceptor getAuthInterceptor() {
        return new AuthInterceptor();
    }

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(new AuthInterceptor());
    }
}

2.获取Spring容器对象

2.1 BeanFactoryAware接口

@Service
public class PersonService implements BeanFactoryAware {
    private BeanFactory beanFactory;

    @Override
    public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
        this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
    }

    public void add() {
        Person person = (Person) beanFactory.getBean("person");
    }
}

实现BeanFactoryAware接口，然后重写setBeanFactory方法，就能从该方法中获取到spring容器对象。

2.2 ApplicationContextAware接口

@Service
public class PersonService2 implements ApplicationContextAware {
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
    }

    public void add() {
        Person person = (Person) applicationContext.getBean("person");
    }
}

实现ApplicationContextAware接口，然后重写setApplicationContext方法，也能从该方法中获取到spring容器对象。

2.3 ApplicationListener接口

@Service
public class PersonService3 implements ApplicationListener<ContextRefreshedEvent> {
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(ContextRefreshedEvent event) {
        applicationContext = event.getApplicationContext();
    }

    public void add() {
        Person person = (Person) applicationContext.getBean("person");
    }
}

3.全局异常处理

@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public String handleException(Exception e) {
        if (e instanceof ArithmeticException) {
            return "数据异常";
        }
        if (e instanceof Exception) {
            return "服务器内部异常";
        }
        retur nnull;
    }
}

4.类型转换器

spring目前支持3中类型转换器：

• Converter<S,T>：将 S 类型对象转为 T 类型对象
• ConverterFactory<S, R>：将 S 类型对象转为 R 类型及子类对象
• GenericConverter：它支持多个source和目标类型的转化，同时还提供了source和目标类型的上下文，这个上下文能让你实现基于属性上的注解或信息来进行类型转换。

5.Bean放入Spring容器的方式

链接: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43141726/article/details/127235432?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501

6.项目启动时

1. CommandLineRunner
2. ApplicationRunner

@Component
public class TestRunner implements ApplicationRunner {

    @Autowired
    private LoadDataService loadDataService;

    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
        loadDataService.load();
    }
}

实现自己定制化需求

7.修改BeanDefinition

@Component
public class MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
    
    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory configurableListableBeanFactory) throws BeansException {
        DefaultListableBeanFactory defaultListableBeanFactory = (DefaultListableBeanFactory) configurableListableBeanFactory;
        BeanDefinitionBuilder beanDefinitionBuilder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(User.class);
        beanDefinitionBuilder.addPropertyValue("id", 123);
        beanDefinitionBuilder.addPropertyValue("name", "959ggg");
        defaultListableBeanFactory.registerBeanDefinition("user", beanDefinitionBuilder.getBeanDefinition());
    }
}

在postProcessBeanFactory方法中，可以获取BeanDefinition的相关对象，并且修改该对象的属性。

8.初始化Bean前后

BeanPostProcessor接口:

• postProcessBeforeInitialization 该在初始化方法之前调用。
• postProcessAfterInitialization 该方法再初始化方法之后调用。

@Component
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if (bean instanceof User) {
            ((User) bean).setUserName("959ggg");
        }
        return bean;
    }
}

9.初始化方法

1. 使用@PostConstruct注解
2. 实现InitializingBean接口

9.1 使用@PostConstruct注解

@Service
public class AService {
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        System.out.println("===初始化===");
    }
}

9.2 实现InitializingBean接口

@Service
public class BService implements InitializingBean {

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("===初始化===");
    }
}

10.关闭容器前

关闭资源

@Service
public class DService implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {
 
    @Override
    public void destroy() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("DisposableBean destroy");
    }
 
    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("InitializingBean afterPropertiesSet");
    }
}

通常情况下，我们会同时实现InitializingBean和DisposableBean接口，重写初始化方法和销毁方法。

11.自定义作用域

我们都知道spring默认支持的Scope只有两种：

• singleton 单例，每次从spring容器中获取到的bean都是同一个对象。
• prototype 多例，每次从spring容器中获取到的bean都是不同的对象。

spring web又对Scope进行了扩展，增加了：

• RequestScope 同一次请求从spring容器中获取到的bean都是同一个对象。
• SessionScope 同一个会话从spring容器中获取到的bean都是同一个对象。

同一个线程中从spring容器获取到的bean都是同一个对象:

public class ThreadLocalScope implements Scope {
    private static final ThreadLocal THREAD_LOCAL_SCOPE = new ThreadLocal();

    @Override
    public Object get(String name, ObjectFactory<?> objectFactory) {
        Object value = THREAD_LOCAL_SCOPE.get();
        if (value != null) {
            return value;
        }

        Object object = objectFactory.getObject();
        THREAD_LOCAL_SCOPE.set(object);
        return object;
    }

    @Override
    public Object remove(String name) {
        THREAD_LOCAL_SCOPE.remove();
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void registerDestructionCallback(String name, Runnable callback) {
    }

    @Override
    public Object resolveContextualObject(String key) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String getConversationId() {
        return null;
    }
}

第二步将新定义的Scope注入到spring容器中：

@Component
public class ThreadLocalBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
        beanFactory.registerScope("threadLocalScope", new ThreadLocalScope());
    }
}

第三步使用新定义的Scope：

@Scope("threadLocalScope")
@Service
public class CService {
    public void add() {
    }
}