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Python爬虫之两种urlencode编码发起post请求方式

news 来源：原创 2024/5/10 0:01:48

背景

闲来无事想爬一下牛客网的校招薪资水平及城市分布，最后想做一个薪资水平分布的图表出来

于是发现牛客使用的是application/x-www-form-urlencoded的格式

测试

首先可以先用apipost等测试工具先测试一下是否需要cookie之类的，发现是不需要的，通过urlencode编码的方式也能够请求到数据

于是开始写代码

coding

这里给出两种方式：

首先使用错误的编码格式肯定是拿不到数据的

①通过urllib

import requests
import time
import json
from urllib.parse import urlencode
import urllib.requesttimestamp = time.time()
timestamp_milliseconds = int(timestamp*1000)
newcode_job_url = f"https://www.nowcoder.com/np-api/u/job/square-search?_={timestamp_milliseconds}"form_data = {"careerJobId": "","jobCity": "","page": 1,"query": "开发","random": "true","recommend": "false","recruitType": 1,"salaryType": 2,"pageSize": 20,"requestFrom": 1,"order": 0,"pageSource": 5001,"visitorId": "4cd1adf2-a80d-49e5-82a5-5fcc17227813"
}form_data["jobCity"] = "北京"
# 需要手动编码
form_data = urlencode(form_data).encode()
request = urllib.request.Request(newcode_job_url)
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request,form_data)
print(response.read().decode())

②通过requests（建议）

通过requests简直不要太方便，因为requests会自动使用合适的编码格式进行编码

import requests
import time
import json
from urllib.parse import urlencode
import urllib.requesttimestamp = time.time()
timestamp_milliseconds = int(timestamp*1000)
newcode_job_url = f"https://www.nowcoder.com/np-api/u/job/square-search?_={timestamp_milliseconds}"form_data = {"careerJobId": "","jobCity": "","page": 1,"query": "开发","random": "true","recommend": "false","recruitType": 1,"salaryType": 2,"pageSize": 20,"requestFrom": 1,"order": 0,"pageSource": 5001,"visitorId": "4cd1adf2-a80d-49e5-82a5-5fcc17227813"
}form_data["jobCity"] = "北京"
response = requests.post(newcode_job_url, data=form_data)
print(response.text)