目标：

在R1，R4和R5之间的帧中继网络中配置OSPF，网络类型为broadcast，实现VLAN A, VLAN B和VLAN C的互通

实验室之OSPF篇：帧中继承载OSPF-广播（Broadcast）

配置指南：

? 在R1上配置接口Ethernet0/0地址为1.0.0.1/8

? 在R4上配置接口Ethernet0/0地址为4.0.0.4/8

? 在R5上配置接口Ethernet0/0地址为5.0.0.5/8

? 在R1上配置接口Seria0/0地址为10.0.0.1/8

? 在R4上配置接口Serial0/0地址为10.0.0.4/8

? 在R5上配置接口Serial0/0地址为10.0.0.5/8

? 在R1,R4和R5的Serial接口上配置帧中继封装

? 在R4和R5上禁用帧中继反向地址解析

? 在R1上配置静态映射，通过DCLI104到10.0.0.4和通过DLCI105到10.0.0.5

? 在R4上配置静态映射，通过DLCI401到10.0.0.1和10.0.0.5

? 在R5上配置静态映射，通过DLCI501到10.0.0.1 和10.0.0.4

? 确保链路支持广播和多播数据包传递

? 在R1, R4, 和R5的Serial接口上配置OSPF网络类型为broadcast

? 在R4和R5配置Serial接口OSPF优先级为0

? 配置R1, R4和R5中所有接口加入area 0

自我提问：

? broadcast的网络类型和其他网络类型有什么不同?

? 这种网络类型中LSA是单播还是组播发送?

? 这种网络类型支持DR/BDR 选举吗?

? 这些属性对配置有什么影响?

最终配置和验证：

R1:

interface Ethernet0/0

ip address 1.0.0.1 255.0.0.0

!

interface Serial0/0

ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0

encapsulation frame-relay

ip ospf network broadcast

frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.4 104 broadcast

frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.5 105 broadcast

!

router ospf 1

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

R4:

interface Ethernet0/0

ip address 4.0.0.4 255.0.0.0

!

interface Serial0/0

ip address 10.0.0.4 255.0.0.0

encapsulation frame-relay

ip ospf network broadcast

ip ospf priority 0

frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.1 401 broadcast

frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.5 401

no frame-relay inverse-arp

!

router ospf 1

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

R5:

interface Ethernet0/0

ip address 5.0.0.5 255.0.0.0

!

interface Serial0/0

ip address 10.0.0.5 255.0.0.0

encapsulation frame-relay

ip ospf network broadcast

ip ospf priority 0

frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.1 501 broadcast

frame-relay map ip 10.0.0.4 501

no frame-relay inverse-arp

!

router ospf 1

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

R1#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

10.0.0.4 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:00:33 10.0.0.4 Serial0/0

10.0.0.5 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:00:36 10.0.0.5 Serial0/0

 

R4#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

10.0.0.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:39 10.0.0.1 Serial0/0

R5#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

10.0.0.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:33 10.0.0.1 Serial0/0

R1#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

O 4.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 10.0.0.4, 00:01:49, Serial0/0

O 5.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 10.0.0.5, 00:01:49, Serial0/0

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0

R4#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

 

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

O 1.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 10.0.0.1, 00:02:26, Serial0/0

C 4.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

O 5.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 10.0.0.5, 00:02:26, Serial0/0

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0

R5#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

O 1.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:11, Serial0/0

O 4.0.0.0/8 [110/74] via 10.0.0.4, 00:00:11, Serial0/0

C 5.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0

注解：

在网络类型为broadcast的网络中OSPF hellos包是通过组播传递，像non-broadcast的网络类型一样需要DR/BDR 的选举。对于以太网络或者令牌网这种广播型网络来说，这种是缺省的网络类型。需要注意的是本例中的framerelay map命令增加了broadcast选项，这是因为hello包是组播传递的。 另外由于不是单播所以对于DR和BDR就不需要配置neighbor的命令。同样还会出现前例讲到的优先级配置问题，略过。

通过使用show ip ospf neighbor命令来验证邻居关系，使用show ip ospf interface命令来验证网络类型和DR/BDR。

关于下一跳的问题也类似前例。