httpd

http背景

超文本传输协议（HypeText  Transfer Protocol)互联网上应用最广泛的网络协议。1960年美国人Ted Nelson构思的一种通过计算机处理文本信息的方法，称为'超文本'，这成为HTTP超文本传输协议标准架构的发展根基。

技术架构

HTTP是一个客户端和服务器端请求和应答的标准（TCP），通常，由HTTP客户端发起一个请求，建立一个到服务器指定端口（默认是80端口）的TCP连接。HTTP服务器则在那个端口监听客户端发送过来的请求。一旦收到请求，服务器（向客户端）发回一个状态，消息可能是请求的文件、错误消息，或其他信息。

软件包

http   服务端口： 80/tcp(http)
https   服务端口： 443/tcp(https,http+ssl)

配置文件

'使用rpm包安装的httpd程序环境'
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf         '主配置文件'
/etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf             '辅助配置文件'
/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf      '默认测试页面'
    /var/log/httpd/access.log               '访问日志'              
            /var/log/httpd/error_log                  '错误日志'
/var/www/html/                  '站点文档目录'
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/     '模块文件路径'
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/*.conf   '模块配置文件'
mpm:以DSO机制提供，配置文件为/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf

编译安装httpd生成的配置文件

/usr/local/apache/logs     '日志文件'
/etc/httpd24/httpd.conf   '主配置文件'
/usr/local/apache/htdocs  '站点文档目录'
'启动服务可以使用绝对路径与相对路径'
绝对路径：
[root@yaoxiaorong apache]# /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd 
httpd (pid 56281) already running
相对路径：
[root@yaoxiaorong apache]# cd /usr/local/apache/bin/
[root@yaoxiaorong bin]# ./apachectl 
httpd (pid 56281) already running

如果需要解析动态php程序，则需要安装php

'安装PHP'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# yum install -y php
'如果作为Apache的模块运行，并生成对应配置文件'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# ll /etc/httpd/modules/libphp5.so 
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4588376 Apr 13 03:04 /etc/httpd/modules/libphp5.so
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# ll /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf 
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 691 Apr 13 03:04 /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf
重启Apache加载PHP
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# systemctl restart httpd
'编写php状态页面'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# cat >> /var/www/html/info.php <<EOF
> <?php
> phpinfo();
> ?>
> EOF
[root@yaoxiaorong html]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@yaoxiaorong html]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128      *:80                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128      *:22                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128     :::22                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100    ::1:25                  :::*  

测试访问php状态页面，输入自己的IP，后面在加info.php,在操作这些步骤之前，一定要关防火墙和selinux。

如图：

编译安装httpd-2.4

'准备环境，将防火墙和selinux'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# setenforce 0
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

'安装开发环境'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# yum groups mark install "Development Tools"
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
Marked install: Development Tools
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# yum grouplist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
Available Environment Groups:
   Minimal Install
   Compute Node
   Infrastructure Server
   File and Print Server
   Basic Web Server
   Virtualization Host
   Server with GUI
   GNOME Desktop
   KDE Plasma Workspaces
   Development and Creative Workstation
Installed Groups:
   Development Tools   '开发工具'
Available Groups:
   Compatibility Libraries
   Console Internet Tools
   Graphical Administration Tools
   Legacy UNIX Compatibility
   Scientific Support
   Security Tools
   Smart Card Support
   System Administration Tools
   System Management
Done

'创建apache组和用户apache'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# groupadd -r apache
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g apache apache
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# id apache
uid=1000(apache) gid=996(apache) groups=996(apache)

'安装相关的软件包'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool

·下载并安装apr-1.4和apr-util-1.4+

'下载wget'
[root@yaoxiaorong src]# yum -y install  wget
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@yaoxiaorong src]# wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2
[root@yaoxiaorong src]# wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2

'解压下载安装apr-1.4和apr-util-1.4+的压缩包
[root@yaoxiaorong src]# tar xf apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2 
[root@yaoxiaorong src]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 
[root@yaoxiaorong src]# ls
apr-1.6.3          apr-util-1.6.1          debug
apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2  kernels

'进入apr-1.6.3将修改configure配置文件'
[root@yaoxiaorong apr-1.6.3]# cd apr-1.6.3/
[root@yaoxiaorong apr-1.6.3]# vim configure
  cfgfile=${ofile}T
    trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
    #$RM "$cfgfile"      //将此行加入注释，或者删除此行

'指定编译参数，使用./configure --help 命令查看可以使用的选项，一般常用的有  --prefix=PREFIX这个选项的意思是定义软件包安装到哪里'
[root@yaoxiaorong apr-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
'编译并安装'
[root@yaoxiaorong apr-1.6.3]# make -j 2 && make install
[root@yaoxiaorong apr-1.6.3]# cd /usr/src/apr-util-1.6.1/
[root@yaoxiaorong apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[root@yaoxiaorong apr-util-1.6.1]# make -j 2 && make install

编译安装httpd

[root@yaoxiaorong apr-util-1.6.1]#  wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
[root@yaoxiaorong apr-util-1.6.1]# mv httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2 /root
[root@yaoxiaorong apr-util-1.6.1]# cd
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2 
anaconda-ks.cfg  httpd-2.4.34  httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# cd httpd-2.4.34/
[root@yaoxiaorong httpd-2.4.34]#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \    '配置文件在的绝对路径'
> --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \  
> --enable-so \
> --enable-ssl \
> --enable-cgi \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --with-zlib \
> --with-pcre \
> --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
> --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
> --enable-modules=most \
> --enable-mpms-shared=all \
> --with-mpm=prefork
[root@yaoxiaorong httpd-2.4.34]# make && make install

将虚拟主机改成相同IP相同端口不同域名

[root@yaoxiaorong httpd-2.4.34]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
ServerName www.example.com:80   //取消此行前面的#号

在/etc/httpd24/httpd.conf最后一行添加以下内容：
#virtual host 1
<VirtualHost 192.168.228.20:80>
        ServerName www.yaoxiaorong.com
        DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yaoxiaorong"
        ErrorLog "logs/yaoxiaorong/error_log"
        CustomLog "logs/yaoxiaorong/access_log" combined
        <Directory /usr/local/apache/htdocs/yaoxiaorong
          <RequireAll>
          Require all granted
          Require not ip 192.168.1
          </RequireAll>
        </Directory>
</virtualHost>

/# virtual host 2     (前面的/不需要添加）
<VirtualHost 192.168.228.20:80>
        ServerName blog.yxr.com
        DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yxr"
        ErrorLog "logs/yxr/error_log"
        CustomLog "logs/yxr/access_log" combined
        <Directory /usr/local/apache/htdocs/yxr>
        <RequireAll>
          Require all granted
        </RequireAll>
       </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

'启动httpd服务，并查看80端口是否启动起来'
[root@yaoxiaorong httpd-2.4.34]# /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd
[root@yaoxiaorong httpd-2.4.34]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128     *:22                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128    :::80                 :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128    :::22                 :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100       ::1:25                 :::*    

创建网页目录

[root@yaoxiaorong apache]# cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# ls
index.html
[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# mkdir yaoxiaorong
[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# ls
index.html  yaoxiaorong
[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# mkdir yxr

创建网页

[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# pwd
/usr/local/apache/htdocs
[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# echo 'hello yaoxiaorong' > yaoxiaorong/index.html
[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# echo 'hello yxr' > yxr/index.html

修改网页目录修改属主属组

[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# chown -R apache.apache yaoxiaorong
[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# chown -R apache.apache yxr
[root@yaoxiaorong htdocs]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root   45 Jun 12  2007 index.html
drwxr-xr-x. 2 apache apache 24 Aug  9 17:44 yaoxiaorong
drwxr-xr-x. 2 apache apache 24 Aug  9 17:44 yxr

创建相应网页的日志目录

[root@yaoxiaorong apache]# cd logs
[root@yaoxiaorong logs]# mkdir yaoxiaorong
[root@yaoxiaorong logs]# mkdir yxr
[root@yaoxiaorong logs]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/logs/

重新启动服务并查看是否有80端口

[root@yaoxiaorong logs]# pkill  httpd
[root@yaoxiaorong logs]# /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd
root@yaoxiaorong logs]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128     *:22                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128    :::80                 :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128    :::22                 :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100       ::1:25                 :::*                  

在真实主机上验证，修改C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc配置文件

'最后一行添加以下两行'
192.168.228.20  www.yaoxiaorong.com
192.168.228.20  blog.yxr.com

在浏览器上输入www.yaoxiaorong.com测试，看能否访问